FS 680
| FS 680 | |
|---|---|
 FS 680.037 in Pietrarsa
|
|
| Number: | 149 + 2 |
| Manufacturer: | Breda , Ansaldo , Schwartzkopff |
| Year of construction (s): | 1907-1909 |
| Type : | 1'C1 'n4v |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 19,740 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 8,450 mm |
| Service mass with tender: | 110.5 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 15.0 t |
| Top speed: | 110 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 1100 hp |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1,850 mm |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,850 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 960 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 1220 mm |
| Number of cylinders: | 4th |
| HD cylinder diameter: | 360 mm |
| LP cylinder diameter: | 590 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 650 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 16 bar |
| Grate area: | 3.5 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 219.4 |
| Service weight of the tender: | 49.6 t |
| Water supply: | 22 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 6 t |
| Control: | Heusinger / Walschaerts |
The steam locomotives of the class FS 680 of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS) were steam locomotives for light express trains with a wet steam four-cylinder compound engine . The 1'C1 ' wheel arrangement used is known as a prairie . 149 locomotives and two otherwise identical four-cylinder superheated steam locomotives with two-stage steam expansion were built.
history
The realization of the series was preceded by a project for an express locomotive with a 1'C1 'wheel arrangement from the time before the FS was founded in 1905. On the way to the renewal and standardization of the vehicle fleet, it was the first construction of the study office of the FS in Florence. Between 1907 and 1909 Breda delivered 89 units, Ansaldo 40 and Schwartzkopff 20 locomotives. It was put into service consecutively numbered as FS 6801 to FS 6949. Starting with the number FS 6900, they were given five-digit designations from FS 68100 to FS 68149 around 1910. In 1918 they received the company numbers FS 680.001 to FS 680.149, which were valid until they were retired - if they were not rebuilt later.
After superheated steam locomotives had proven themselves in many countries, Breda built a superheated steam variant of this series in 1909 and 1911, the former still ordered as FS 6950, which were given the numbers FS 68150 and FS 68151 and in 1918 became FS 680.150 and FS 680.151.
construction
The locomotives had a four-cylinder compound drive with simple steam expansion. Two high-pressure and two low-pressure cylinders were mounted in a Plancher arrangement on the right and left side of the engine and each controlled by a single piston valve. This construction was simple, but disadvantageous at higher speeds. In the FS, it was only used on the older express train locomotives of the 670 series and the 470 series freight locomotives . The boiler was of a similar type to that of the 470 series, produced an hourly steam output of 10,700 kg at 16 bar pressure and developed an output of 1,100 hp. The two superheated steam locomotives, which were finally built with a Schmidt superheater, enabled an increase in output to 1,150 hp.
The steering frame - consisting of the first and second axle - corresponds to the Italian type Zara , a variant of the German Krauss-Helmholtz steering frame. The front barrel axis was 60 mm, the rear 20 mm laterally movable. The machines had steam heating and air brakes. A parking brake was installed in the tender. The original three-axle tenders lacked security at higher speeds. They were later exchanged for four-axle bogie tenders, among others from machines of the FS 625 series .
Conversions
Even if the two stragglers of the series, which were delivered on a trial basis with superheaters, did not achieve the theoretical performance increases due to a lack of steam output, they paved the way for extensive renovation programs. Ten years after commissioning and experience with the two machines supplied as superheated steam locomotives, a conversion program to increase performance began, which ended after decades with the conversion of almost the entire series.
Initially 36 locomotives were equipped with a superheater from 1918 to 1924 and retained their compound drive. This was followed by a further 7 units with a diameter of the high pressure cylinder that was increased from 360 mm to 400 mm. The 1'C1'h4v locomotives converted in this way were initially to be referred to as the 680.2 or 680.4 series with consecutive numbers, but one year later they became the FS 681 and FS 682 series while retaining their original consecutive number (see table). The conversion made it possible to increase the continuous output to 1270 hp at 75 km / h.
The FS 682 were subjected to extensive comparisons with the FS 685 during operations at the Ancona depot . With almost identical performance, the latter was characterized by more economical consumption and smoother running. For this reason, no further modifications based on the model of the FS 681 or FS 682 were carried out, but from 1926 representatives of all three series FS 680 , FS 681 and FS 682 were rebuilt based on the design of the FS 685.
Between 1926 and 1934, almost the entire series - a total of 120 locomotives - was later converted to superheated steam locomotives and incorporated with their company number into sub-series of the FS 685 series and into the FS S 685 series . The conversion left only four copies of the 680 series, twelve of the 681 series and almost the entire 682 series in their respective delivery or conversion condition.
| Conversion and re-drawing in FS 681 while retaining the serial number | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS 681.002 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | 014 | 016 | 018 | 020 | 021 | 023 | 027 | 030 | 032 | 033 |
| 036 | 039 | 051 | 054 | 059 | 065 | 066 | 073 | 082 | 084 | 087 | 117 | 121 | 128 | |
| 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 137 | 140 | 144 | ||||||||
| Conversion and re-drawing in FS 682 while retaining the serial number | ||||||||||||||
| FS 682.010 | 011 | 013 | 019 | 035 | 045 | 113 | ||||||||
business
The locomotives proved their worth and quickly replaced the FS 670 series on the main routes from Rome to Naples and Florence. For their part, however, a few years after commissioning, they had to give way to the superheated steam locomotives that had meanwhile been developed to series production. Before the Second World War, many were only in subordinate service or were seconded, but were then reactivated again. By 1955, all locomotives in the series were retired.
Whereabouts
The only surviving original FS 680 is FS 680.037, which - after a long period as an exhibit in Merano - is on display in the museum in Pietrarsa without a tender. The FS S 685.600 converted from the FS 680.100 has also been preserved in the Museum of Science and Technology "Leonardo Da Vinci" in Milan.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Preserved locomotives of the series FS 680 and FS 685 at photorail.com ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- FS 685 at Märklinfan Club Italia marklinfan.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016 ; accessed on February 18, 2018 .
- Locomotiva a vapore del gruppo 680 FS. Vista esterna longitudinal. Tavola tratta dalla Nuova enciclopedia Sonzogno , Milano, Sonzogno, 1953. Retrieved February 18, 2018 .
literature
- Wolfgang Messerschmidt: Beginning and end of the Italian 1C1 express locomotives . In: Wolfgang Messerschmidt (Ed.): Locomotive magazine . No. 78 . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co. , 1976, ISSN 0458-1822 , p. 217-229 .