Fagerström test

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The Fagerström test , actually Fagerström test for cigarette dependence (Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence), is a method for determining the physical tobacco addiction of smokers . It specifies relevant addiction criteria in question and answer form.

Dependency Levels

The test consists of six questions, the answers allow a categorization of cigarette addiction. Accordingly, a distinction is made between the following dependency levels:

  • low dependency (0 to 2 points)
  • medium dependency (3 to 5 points)
  • strong dependency (6 to 7 points)
  • very strong dependency (8 to 10 points)

There are also alternative categorizations.

Dependency indicators

The Fagerström test enjoys great international popularity, not least because of the fact that it can be carried out quickly and the results can be read directly. It is widely used in treatment studies and has high reliability as well as high validity. Certain aspects have proven particularly useful as indicators of the degree of dependency:

  • early morning smoking
  • more than ten cigarettes consumed daily
  • multiple, unsuccessful attempts at abstinence in the past.

Expressiveness

In addition to the grading of cigarette addiction, the test can also be used to determine the chances of successfully giving up cigarettes. Thus, the test can provide a good prediction of short- and medium-term success in abstinence, at least for men , while for women the cotinine level at the start of therapy predicts the success of weaning at the end of therapy and after one year. The Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire  (FTQ) is considered the forerunner of the Fagerström test . A test specially developed for young people, the Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire  (mFTQ), has also been published, but has not proven to be representative.

renaming

In 2010 the inventor of the test, Prof. Dr. Fagerström, an article in which he justified the renaming of the Fagerströmtest for nicotine addiction to Fagerströmtest for cigarette addiction. He wrote that nicotine is probably not the only substance involved in tobacco addiction, although it is the main component. In light of recent research into cigarette smoke, it seemed time to rename the test.

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ Breslau & Johnson (2000): People with a point value of four or more points are considered to be clearly dependent
  2. ↑ Retest reliability of the questionnaire is r = 0.88
  3. ↑ internal consistency at r = 0.61
  4. ↑ S. Bleich, U. Havemann-Reinecke and J. Kornhuber - FTNA Fagerström test for nicotine dependence
  5. ↑ cf. Study by Cohen, Myers and Kelly (2002)
  6. ↑ Determinants of Tobacco Use and Renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence , oxfordjournals.org, accessed July 28, 2013.

literature

  • S. Bleich, U. Havemann-Reinecke and J. Kornhuber - FTNA Fagerström test for nicotine dependence
  • FTQ: Fagerström KO, Schneider NG: Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. J Behav Med. 1989; 12: 159-181
  • FTNA: Heatherton, TF, Koziowski, LT., Frecker, RC, Fagerström, KO: The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Brit. J. Addict, 86: 1119-1127 (1991).