Faliski language

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Faliskish

Spoken in

Latium (now Italy )
speaker (extinct)
Linguistic
classification

Indo-European languages

Italian languages
Latino-Faliscan languages
  • Faliskish
Language codes
ISO 639-3

xfa

The Faliscan language is part of the Italian branch of the Indo-European family and together with the closely related Latin , the Latino-Faliscan subgroup.

In ancient times, Faliskish was spoken by the Falisker tribe in northern Lazio . It is known from a few hundred short inscriptions from the 3rd or 2nd century BC. BC, which are written in an alphabet that was derived from Etruscan and written from right to left, but still shows traces of the influence of the Latin alphabet .

The words that are written around the edge of a picture on a patera and whose authenticity is ensured by the fact that they are under the glaze can be cited as a sample of this language : “foied vino pipafo, cra carefo”, in Latin “hodie vinum bibam” , cras carebo “.

The characteristics of the Faliscian language are among others:

  1. The retention of the f within the word, which to in Latin b was
  2. The representation of an Indo-European gh at the beginning by f ( foied as opposed to hodie )
  3. The palatalization of the consonant group dj to a sound similar to j , cf. foied = Latin hodie
  4. The loss of the ending s in front of some subsequent letters ( cra versus the Latin cras )

Other characteristics are:

  1. Maintaining the Labiovelare (Faliskish cuando = Latin quando ), in contrast to the Umbrian pan (n ~ u)
  2. The adjustment of some final consonants to the first letter of the following word: "pretod de zenatuo sententiad", "praetor de senatus sententia"; zenatuo for senatuos is an archaic genitive .

Conway explains that the relationship between the names Falisci and Falerii and the local hero Halaesus is being discussed and gives reasons why the change from the initial f (from originally bh or dh ) to the initial h is a genuine feature of the Faliski dialect.

The language was probably influenced more and more by Latin until at least 150 BC. Spoken.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gabriel CLM Bakkum: The Latin Dialect of the Ager Faliscus - 150 Years of Scholarship Part I , Amsterdam 2009, p. 10.
  2. ^ RS Conway: Italic Dialects , p. 312, b.
  3. ^ RS Conway: Italic Dialects , p. 321
  4. ↑ See Ovid , Fasti , iv. 73
  5. ↑ RS Conway: Italic Dialects , pp. 370f., Especially pp. 384–385.

literature

Gabriel CLM Bakkum: The Latin Dialect of the Ager Faliscus - 150 Years of Scholarship Part I , Amsterdam 2009.