Labiovelar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In phonetics , labiovelar describes the place of articulation of a sound on the lips (lat. Labium ) and the soft palate (lat. Velum ). Here, "labiovelar" can be either for a labialized velar consonant or simultaneously (at two articulation locations twice ) spoken labial are -velaren consonants. Labiovelar consonants are also known in German as lip palate sounds .

Labiovelare

As labialised velars or labiovelars [ kʷ ], [ gʷ ], [ xʷ ], [ ɣʷ ] are spoken velars [ k ], [ g ], [ x ], [ ɣ ] etc. with rounded lips .

The most common labiovelar is the labialised voiced velar approximant [ w ] (as in English witch [ wɪtʃ ] "witch"). Some variants of English differentiate from the voiceless labiovelar fricative [ ʍ ] as in which [ ʍɪtʃ ] "which".

The Indo-European original language also had a number of Labiovelars, namely [ kʷ ], [ gʷ ] (or according to the glottal theory [ kʷˀ ]), and [ gʷʰ ]. However, these are only detectable in the western ( Germanic and Celtic languages ) and southern areas of distribution, namely the Italian , Greek , Anatolian and, to a lesser extent, in the Tocharian languages ​​that are more closely related to the latter . In Greek and Celtic, they have partly developed into pure labials.

In the other languages ​​(with palatalization, the so-called satem languages) they coincided with the simple velars through delabialization.

Sagittal plane of the human oral cavity , oro pharynx and Larynopharynx. Articulation locations (active and passive): 1 exolabial (outer part of the lip) 2 endolabial (inner part of the lip) 3 dental (teeth) 4 alveolar (front part of the dental dam) 5 postalveolar (rear part of the dental dam and a little behind it) 6 prepalatally (front part of the hard palate) 7 palatal (hard palate) 8 velar (soft palate) 9 uvular (also postvelar; uvula) 10 pharyngeal (pharynx) 11 glottal (also laryngeal ; vocal cords) 12 epiglottal (epiglottis) 13 radical (tongue root) 14 posterodorsal (rear part of the tongue) 15 anterodorsal (front part of the tongue) 16 laminal (tongue leaf ) 17 apical (tip of the tongue) 18 sublaminal (also subapical; underside of the tongue)

Labial velars

The labial-velar consonants are spoken simultaneously on the lips (lat. Labium ) and the soft palate (lat. Velum ). It is not a consonant cluster , but a simple sound that is spoken at two points of articulation at the same time. Such sounds occur in the languages ​​of West and Central Africa and New Guinea as well as at the end of the word in Vietnamese . Examples of labial-velar consonants are:

literature

  • John Clark; Collin Yallop; Janet Fletcher: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. 3rd edition. Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006
  • T. Alan Hall: Phonology: An Introduction. De Gruyter Study Book, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-015641-5
  • Peter Ladefoged ; Ian Maddieson: The Sounds of the World's Languages. Blackwell, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-631-19814-8 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Labiovelar  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006
  2. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006 (Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapter 2 & 6)
  3. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Exercises & Solutions, Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006