Labiovelar
In phonetics , labiovelar describes the place of articulation of a sound on the lips (lat. Labium ) and the soft palate (lat. Velum ). Here, "labiovelar" can be either for a labialized velar consonant or simultaneously (at two articulation locations twice ) spoken labial are -velaren consonants. Labiovelar consonants are also known in German as lip palate sounds .
Labiovelare
As labialised velars or labiovelars [ kʷ ], [ gʷ ], [ xʷ ], [ ɣʷ ] are spoken velars [ k ], [ g ], [ x ], [ ɣ ] etc. with rounded lips .
The most common labiovelar is the labialised voiced velar approximant [ w ] (as in English witch [ wɪtʃ ] "witch"). Some variants of English differentiate from the voiceless labiovelar fricative [ ʍ ] as in which [ ʍɪtʃ ] "which".
The Indo-European original language also had a number of Labiovelars, namely [ kʷ ], [ gʷ ] (or according to the glottal theory [ kʷˀ ]), and [ gʷʰ ]. However, these are only detectable in the western ( Germanic and Celtic languages ) and southern areas of distribution, namely the Italian , Greek , Anatolian and, to a lesser extent, in the Tocharian languages that are more closely related to the latter . In Greek and Celtic, they have partly developed into pure labials.
In the other languages (with palatalization, the so-called satem languages) they coincided with the simple velars through delabialization.
Labial velars
The labial-velar consonants are spoken simultaneously on the lips (lat. Labium ) and the soft palate (lat. Velum ). It is not a consonant cluster , but a simple sound that is spoken at two points of articulation at the same time. Such sounds occur in the languages of West and Central Africa and New Guinea as well as at the end of the word in Vietnamese . Examples of labial-velar consonants are:
- [ k͡p ] Logba ò-kpàyɔ̀ [ ò-k͡pàyɔ̀ ] "God"
- [ g͡b ] Ewe Ewegbe [ ɛβɛg͡be ] (name of the language)
- [ ŋ͡m ] Vietnamese cung [ kuŋ͡m ] "sector"
literature
- John Clark; Collin Yallop; Janet Fletcher: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. 3rd edition. Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006
- T. Alan Hall: Phonology: An Introduction. De Gruyter Study Book, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-015641-5
- Peter Ladefoged ; Ian Maddieson: The Sounds of the World's Languages. Blackwell, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-631-19814-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006
- ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006 (Clark & Yallop, Chapter 2 & 6)
- ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Exercises & Solutions, Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006