Farhud
With Farhud ( Arabic الفرهود, DMG al-Farhūd ) “violent expropriation” describes a pogrom against the Jewish population of Baghdad in Iraq from June 1st to 2nd, 1941.
procedure
In April 1941, Arab nationalists under Raschid Ali al-Gailani with the participation of the German diplomat Fritz Grobba carried out a military coup against the pro-British King Faisal II. After Baghdad surrendered to the British on May 31, 1941, it came to the two following days Pogrom against the Jewish population.
On June 1, 1941, during the Shavuot Festival, a group of Jews ventured outside for the first time in weeks to greet the returning pro-British regent. After months of fear, they hoped to be safe again. An Arab mob injured over 1,000 people, and Jewish women were raped and mutilated by groups. The exact number of those killed is not known, it is assumed that at least 180 Jews were murdered, some sources even give up to 600.
Jewish shops and houses were robbed and set on fire. A synagogue was captured and the Torah scrolls were burned. The bodies were buried in a mass grave. In the report of a committee of inquiry appointed by the Iraqi government, the Mufti of Jerusalem , Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, was named as one of the perpetrators of the pogrom.
The riots lasted until June 2nd.
Around 300 to 400 non-Jewish insurgents were also killed in an attempt to suppress the violence.
Aftermath
The pogrom marked a break between Jews and Arabs in Iraq and paved the way for the end of the 2,600-year-old Jewish community just ten years later, which can be viewed as a direct result of the first Middle East War between the newly founded Jewish state of Israel and the neighboring Arab countries . After the founding of Israel, as a result of the increasing pressure on the Jewish minorities in the Arab countries, most of the Iraqi Jews came to Israel.
On June 1, 2015, the United Nations declared June 1 International Farhud Day to commemorate this .
See also
literature
- Daphne Tsimhoni: Farhud. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 2: Co-Ha. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02502-9 , pp. 324–327.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zvi Elpeleg : The Grand Mufti. Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement . Frank Cass, London 1993, ISBN 0-7146-4100-6 . P. 62.
- ↑ | Israeli Embassy in Berlin , accessed on November 23, 2017
- ↑ Martin Gilbert . The atlas of Jewish history , William Morrow and Company, 1993. pg. 114. ISBN 0-688-12264-7 .
- ↑ | Israeli Embassy in Berlin , accessed on November 23, 2017