Aleppo pogrom

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The destroyed central synagogue in Aleppo

The Aleppo pogrom were attacks by the Muslim population in Syria against the Jews of Aleppo in December 1947 , which led to the death of around 75 Jewish citizens of the city, the destruction of numerous homes and a wave of displacement.

The attack was part of a wave of spreading anti-Judaism in Islamic countries and came in response to the United Nations decision to partition Palestine , which sparked unrest across the Middle East and North Africa. The event resulted in the deaths of 8 to 75 Jews and injuries to several hundred others. Subsequently, around half of the Jewish population of the once cosmopolitan, multi-religious city had to leave their homeland.

Background and process

The Jewish population of Aleppo declined sharply under the rule of the Ottoman Empire between 1853 and 1875 due to pogroms and displacement. Since then there have been no noticeably larger riots.

After the UN partition plan for Palestine was adopted by the United Nations on November 29, 1947 , in the course of the expulsions of Jews from Arab and Islamic countries, there were unrest among the Muslim residents of Aleppo against the Jewish community of the city still had about 10,000 members. While the exact number of those killed is unknown, estimates range from 8 to 75. Several hundreds were wounded. Ten synagogues , including the city's main synagogue , as well as five schools, an orphanage, a youth club, numerous Jewish shops and 150 Jewish houses and apartments were set on fire and destroyed. The property damage amounted to a value of over 2.5 million  US dollars . The Jewish community then shrank sharply and a short time later around half of the Jewish population was expelled. During the pogrom , the Aleppo Codex, which is very important for the history of the Hebrew Bible text, was damaged and lost.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Jacob Freid: Jews in the modern world . Twayne Publishers, 1962, pp. 68 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  2. ^ A b Colin Shindler: A history of modern Israel . Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-61538-9 , pp. 63 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  3. ^ David Patterson: A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad . Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-13261-9 , pp. 56 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  4. ^ A b c Hayim Tawil, Bernard Schneider: Crown of Aleppo: The Mystery of the Oldest Hebrew Bible Codex . Ed .: Jewish Publication Society. 2009, ISBN 978-0-8276-0895-5 , pp. 163 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  5. ↑ Itamar Levin: Locked doors: the seizure of Jewish property in Arab countries . Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 0-275-97134-1 , pp. 167 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  6. ^ Daniel Pipes: Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition in the Google Book Search. Oxford University Press, New York 1990, p. 57, records 75 victims of the Aleppo massacre.
  7. ^ Benny Morris: 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war . Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 412 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  8. ↑ Andrew G. Bostom: The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history . Prometheus Books, 2008, pp. 159 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).
  9. ^ WA Veenhoven: Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms . Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1977, ISBN 90-247-1957-7 , pp. 90 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2010]).