Fimmel (mining)

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Fimmel ( D ) in a drawing by Georgius Agricola

A Fimmel is an early in use tool of the miner which a pointed wedge or pointed chisel is similar and the mountain iron can be expected, having an eye, as opposed to bits and Fimmeln. Fimmel were used in tunneling , but above all in the mining of hard coal .

to form

Basically, there is an elongate chisel-like tool, having a peak like a mountain iron , chisel or wedge can be used by being attached to the rock or in columns and by blows by means of a mallet or Fäustels on the rear panel is driven. Different forms of sky developed over time. Probably the oldest description of a sky can be found in Agricola 1556, who only described and depicted one shape that is 3 hands and 1 finger long, 2 fingers thick, 3 fingers at the top and 1 hand wide in the middle and just like the mountain, Swamp and scribing iron has a point. Agricola counted the Fimmel as well as mountain, swamp and chisel iron to the ferramenta, ie the "iron" or "iron tools". In 1846 Gätzschmann described four other forms of sky in addition to the one already depicted in Agricola. Usually they had a square or oblong-rectangular, occasionally also round cross-section. Gätzschmann describes the fourth shape, which converges with slightly curved sides towards the tip and also tapers towards the track, as particularly suitable because it could not be trapped along its entire length and consequently could be loosened by side blows. Gätzschmann counts the Fimmel differently than Agricola to the wedges. The length of the Fimmel used in copper shale and hard coal mining in the 1840s was mostly 6 to 8 inches (about 14 to 19 cm).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Agricola : De Re Metallica Libri XII . Twelve books on mining and metallurgy. Unchanged reprint of the first edition by VDI-Verlag, 1928 edition. Marixverlag, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-86539-097-8 , pp. 107 (Latin).
  2. ↑ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: The theory of the mining work . JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1846, p. 278-282 ( digitale-sammlungen.de ).

literature

  • Gabriele Körlin, Gerd Weisgerber : Keilhaue, Fimmel, mallets and iron in medieval mining . In: The cut . No. 56 , 2004, p. 64-75 .
  • Carl Hartmann: Handbook of mining and metallurgy . an encyclopedia of mining science. 1858, p. 160 (almost verbatim from Gätzschmann 1846, pp. 278–282).

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