Fiocchi

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Cardinal hat with 15 Fiocchi each

Fiocchi (from Italian) are the heraldic names for the tassels that hang down on the hats of clergymen in different colors and quantities on both sides of the coat of arms. Hats that are adorned with these Fiocchi are, for example, the bishop's hat , the archbishop's hat , cardinal hat and prelate hat . These hats, including the tassels, are counted among the gems . They have replaced the crown of rank or the helmet with crest since the Middle Ages . In modern times there are also combinations in the upper coat of arms .

The color and the number depend on the position of the coat of arms. Since the appearance in heraldry in the middle of the 13th century the number was still arbitrary, this changed with fixed rules from 1832.

The arrangement follows this sequence of numbers according to the number of Fiocchi per row and side: 1,2,3,4,5 (15) or 1,2,3,4 (10) or 1,2,3 (6).

  • Cardinal with a red hat and 15 Fiocchi each
  • Patriarch with a green hat and 15 Fiocchi each
  • Archbishop with a green hat and 10 Fiocchi each
  • Bishop and Prelate nullius green hat and 6 Fiocchi each
  • Prelate with purple hat and 6 Fiocchi each (red or purple)
  • Order general, vicar general, abbot, provost with black hat and 6 Fiocchi each
  • Prior, dean, pastor with black hat and 6, 4, 2 Fiocchi

Historical real use of the Fiocchi

  • In the times of the Papal States before 1870, the Fiocchi of different colors were attached to the carriages and horse halters of cardinals in Rome and the prelates entrusted with higher government functions in the Papal State.
  • Fiocchi were used as a status symbol in European legation law ( protocol ). The authority to drive six horses, which are adorned with state tassels (Fiocchi), is generally granted to the ambassadors of the first class.

See also

literature

  • Gert Oswald : Lexicon of Heraldry. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, p. 129.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Georg Scheibelreiter : Heraldry . Emphasis. Oldenbourg-Verlag, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7029-0479-4 , p. 112.
  2. ^ Christoph Friedrich Karl Kölle: Rome in the year 1833: with a floor plan of the city of Rome. Verlag der JG Cotta´schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1834. (books.google.de)
  3. ^ Johann Jacob Volkmann: Historical-critical news of Italy, which contain a description of this country of customs, form of government, action, the state of the sciences and in particular the works of art. Verlag Carpar Frietsch, 1777, p. 712. (books.google.de)
  4. ↑ A. Miruss: The European Gesandschaftsrecht, together with an appendix of the Gesandschaftsrechte of the German Confederation, a book of the Gesandschaftsrecht and explanatory supplements. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1847, p. 401. (books.google.de)