Photographic effect
As photographic effects a series of special appearances in photographic processes is known. A distinction is made between exposure and development effects . These physical and optical phenomena must not be confused with image effects that the photographer uses as a conscious design element.
Exposure effects
The exposure effects include:
- Schwarzschild effect with long or very short ( short-term effect ) exposure times, the sensitivity of photographic material is reduced,
- Weinland effect - increased sensitivity through brief, intensive pre-exposure,
- Latensification - increased sensitivity through low intensive pre-exposure,
- Herschel effect - degradation of the latent image through diffuse post-exposure with red or infrared light ,
- Clayden effect - image reversal with diffuse post-exposure of an ultra-short exposure,
- Albert effect - image reversal due to diffuse post-exposure,
- Becquerel effect - sensitization of a layer to long-wave light through diffuse pre-exposure,
- Solarization - image reversal in the area of maximum blackening (maximum density) of a layer.
Development effects
The development effects include:
- Eberhard effect (edge effect, hem effect) - a neighboring effect; Increase in edge blackening at the border between heavily and weakly exposed areas,
- Interimage effect (vertical Eberhard effect) - a neighbor effect; Influence of superimposed layers in multi-layer films,
- Kostinsys effect - a neighbor effect; Increasing the distance between neighboring exposed structures (lines) by diffusing development products,
- Ross effect ( gelatin effect ) - a neighbor effect; Edge effects,
- Sabattier effect ( pseudo-solarization ) - a layer effect ,
- Wrinkled grain ( reticulation ) - a layer effect,
- Gouache effect ( Isohelie ) - a layer effect ,
- Sound separation - a layer effect.
- Posterization
Picture effects
Lens attachments, color and effect filters
In terms of creative image design, the photographer has a large number of color and effect filters available with which the photographically captured image can be manipulated in a wide variety of ways.
Image processing in the photo lab
Various image manipulations can also be achieved during development and enlargement in the photo laboratory to achieve effects.
Digital picture effects
The digitization of photography enables image processing with specialized image processing software . These functions are called effects filters . In addition to a digital simulation of some of the image effects mentioned above, completely new design effects can also be applied to a finished image.