Graphics software
Graphics software (or graphics program ) is the generic term for software that is used in the graphics sector to create or edit images or for similar functions. These include, for example, image processing programs (image editor), painting programs and vector graphics programs (drawing editor).
Specializations
There are two types of computer graphics: vector graphics and raster graphics . Vector graphics describe figures as a connection between different primitives , which are described with the help of algebraic geometry . Because of this, their enlargement does not result in any loss of quality. With the help of this principle, signatures and geometric figures are digitally saved; Raster graphics are made up of pixels . Because of this, the file size can be reduced in a compression associated with a loss of quality. With the help of this principle photographs are digitally saved. Because of their fundamentally different approaches, many programs have specialized in one of the two storage methods (e.g. GIMP on raster graphics and Inkscape on vector graphics).
Image editing programs
Image processing programs specialize in raster graphics (also called pixel graphics or bitmap graphics) and are used to create, improve, change and manipulate digital images. Image processing programs are mainly used to eliminate errors that have arisen during image capture and for image composition . Sometimes they also serve as painting programs.
Examples of online image editing programs are Pixlr , Snipshot , Pixenate and Aviary Phoenix .
Painting programs
For digital painting , programs with specialized functions are available for precisely this purpose. They are particularly suitable for the technical implementation of bitmap templates and have a variety of artistic functions. The data are mainly entered using a so-called graphics tablet and an input pen .
Examples of online painting programs are Paint chat and Oekaki .
Vector graphics programs
Vector graphics programs are used to create drawings or illustrations as vector graphics . To this end, they offer functions for creating simple geometric shapes such as rectangles, circles or lines, but also more extensive functions for creating more complex shapes as well as color gradients and transparency effects. In contrast to image editing or painting programs, the objects within a drawing are not saved in the form of pixels, but as vectors. Therefore vector graphics can also be enlarged, reduced or rotated as required without having to accept any loss of quality. With raster graphics, on the other hand, you can see the pixels with excessive scaling ; in addition, artifacts and similar image errors are sometimes visible. A typical example of a vector drawing is a clip art .
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Vectorization programs
Pixel images can be converted into vectors using vectorization programs and further processed as such. Different shades of gray in the original image are broken down into areas.
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Layout programs
In the desktop publishing area there are DTP programs for creating layouts . These programs are mainly used for producing large, multi-page documents. Products for example books, newspapers, catalogs, magazines, and brochures.
Computer graphics tools and software
In addition to image processing and vector graphics programs, graphics software includes numerous other useful programs that serve as aids or are used in various industries with different tasks. The functions of these auxiliary or additional programs partially overlap or supplement those of the image processing and vector graphics programs. Some of the additional programs are available as plug-ins , e.g. B. for Adobe Photoshop as well as a stand-alone version.
Pictures, picture viewer, picture management, picture search engine and picture shows
Images play an important role in graphics; they can be edited, managed or used in any other way, whereby copyright provisions must be observed. Numerous images can be found in so-called photo communities such as Fotocommunity.de , photo sharing websites, web galleries and image databases such as Wikimedia Commons , Flickr , Photobucket.com and fotocommunity.de . So-called image viewers are available for quick viewing of images or for minor image manipulations . Furthermore, images can be managed, labeled and sorted with image management software. There are also picture show programs that can be used to add effects to pictures, such as cross-fades, but also to add music and texts and then burn them to a medium (e.g. DVD , USB stick). The result can then be viewed on the television using a DVD player. With an image search engine , images can be searched for on the Internet by entering a keyword. With Screenshot programs Images from PC screen or a cut can be made the same. A digital picture frame is used to present pictures.
Graphics packages
Graphics packages (English: graphics suite) are packages of several programs that are sold as a whole. Well-known graphics packages include Adobe Creative Suite , CorelDraw Graphics Suite, and Microsoft Expression .
Graphic filter
An important aspect of image processing programs is the ability to expand functionality with so-called plug-ins . Additional graphic filters can be built in, which can then be called up in the program menu. With these filters, certain effects can then be achieved on the image, for example alienation .
Icon editors
Icon creation programs (also called icon editors) are used to create and edit icons .
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HDR software
The programs used in the field of high dynamic range imaging include:
- Adobe Lightroom - Windows & Mac
- Adobe Photoshop - Windows & Mac
- Affinity Photo - Windows, Mac, iPad
- easyHDR
- FDRTools
- DXO Google NIK HDR Efex
- Luminance HDR
- Oloneo HDRengine - Windows
- Oloneo PhotoEngine - Windows
- Photomatix
- Picturenaut
- SilverFast HDR
- Skylum Aurora HDR - Windows & Mac
- HDR projects
- HDR shop
- SNS-HDR
- Darktable
RAW software
Powerful cameras such as B. digital SLR cameras can save images in the raw data format RAW , which contains significantly more of the original sensor information than the JPG format of the image files usually already interpreted and processed by the camera software. With RAW software , these images can be processed and corrected without loss.
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Stitching software
Stitching software (also called panorama software) is used to create panoramic images. The software combines several individual images to form a panorama image .
Further auxiliary and additional programs for image processing
- Blur reduction programs
- Image protection programs that add a watermark to the photo or graphic
- File shrinking programs that reduce the file size to a preset level
- Noise reduction programs
- Programs for correcting geometrical distortions caused by the camera lens or the point of view of the picture (" converging lines ")
- Programs for changing the Exif data
3D programs / CAD programs
In the 3D computer graphics area, 3D graphics software is used to model objects in three-dimensional space and then to render them . The purpose is to create computer graphics or computer animations . There are also CAD programs for creating and constructing technical drawings , for example for architecture.
Visualization
For visualization of company data in the form of charts (eg Gantt charts , flow charts) or network plans serve visualization programs .
Web publishing
Text-based HTML editors or graphic WYSIWYG programs can be used to design and create websites .
Fractals
Fractal generators for generating fractals are interesting for the work of computer graphic artists .
- Fractint
- Electric sheep
- Fractalizer
Special input devices
The graphics programs can be operated using the mouse and / or special input devices :
- For precise work, a graphics tablet is recommended, which with a sensor surface reacts precisely to pen movements and the pressure exerted and forwards this information to the program. This enables flowing lines and fine glazes . Graphics tablets can u. a. for digital painting or drawing, but also for text, whereby there are also input pens .
- Another option is to use tablet PCs . These have a graphics tablet, which is integrated directly in the display of the computer and thus allow direct painting / drawing on the drawing surface of the graphics programs.
Individual evidence
- ^ Duden: graphics program, graphics program. - Spelling, meaning, definition. In: www.duden.de. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Vector graphic. In: www.gif-bilder.de. Retrieved April 28, 2016 .
- ↑ vector graphics. In: Geoinformatik Lexikon. University of Rostock, accessed April 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Stefan Koch: JavaScript - Introduction, Programming and Reference - including Ajax . 5th, updated and expanded edition. dpunkt.verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89864-594-2 , pictures and animations, p. 457 .
- ↑ Pixel graphics. In: Geoinformatik Lexikon. University of Rostock, accessed April 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Via Inkscape. Inkscape Community, accessed April 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Chapter 1. Introduction. In: docs.gimp.org. Retrieved April 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Duden: image processing program. - Spelling, meaning, definition. In: www.duden.de. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 1. Introduction-1. Welcome to GIMP. In: GNU Image Manipulation Program User Guide. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Inkscape / What is an SVG - Wikibooks, collection of free textbooks, non-fiction and specialist books. In: de.wikibooks.org. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ https://sk1project.net
- ↑ Vectorization program - this is how you create vector graphics. In: HELPSTER. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ^ Ralf Bill, Marco L. Zehner: Vectorization - Geoinformatik Lexikon. In: www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de. University of Rostock, accessed April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor
- ↑ How my book is born / digital printing - Wikibooks, a collection of free text, non-fiction and specialist books. In: de.wikibooks.org. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Comparative test: image management software. In: CHIP Online. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Benjamin Schischka: 14 free slide show programs for download. In: PC-WELT Web. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Duden: Screenshot. - Spelling, meaning, definition, origin. In: www.duden.de. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Learn about RAW, JPEG, and TIFF with the digital photography experts at Photo.net. (No longer available online.) In: photo.net. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016 ; accessed on April 30, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg Germany: Software for image management: The best image refiners in a comparison test. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved April 30, 2016 .
- ^ Ralf Bill, Marco L. Zehner: Fraktale - Geoinformatik Lexikon. In: www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de. University of Rostock, accessed April 30, 2016 .
- ↑ Duden: graphics tablet, graphics tablet. - Spelling, meaning, definition, origin. In: www.duden.de. Retrieved on April 30, 2016 (further information from: http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Digitizer ).
