Francophobia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Francophobia or gallophobia are expressions of an aversion or hatred towards France or the French and their customs and influences. The antonym is Francophilia .

Regional focus

The Gate of Calais: O! The Roast Beef of Old England by William Hogarth shows a depraved and oppressive France
Germania on the watch on the Rhine

England

The longest Francophobic tradition can be found in England, which for centuries regularly led armed conflicts with France and the emerging French nation-state, which radiated worldwide in the British-French colonial conflict .

United States

In the USA there is also a long tradition of Francophobic sentiments, which regularly target the Francophilia and traditional longing for France of the American upper class through derision of France and French culture.

From a French perspective, this is interpreted as the Americans' discomfort with a democratic society that is definitely related, but which is profoundly different and repeatedly counteracts the American claim to hegemony. On the American side, Charles Cogan subordinates the French to a stiff Cartesian logic and principles that repeatedly clash with American pragmatism . In this context, reference is made to the French diplomat, who criticized a NATO peacekeeping mission by saying that it works in practice but is theoretically untenable.

Australia

The nuclear tests carried out in France in 1995 in the vicinity of the French overseas territories led to a strong anti-French mood in Australia and New Zealand, which took up elements of the classic anti-French discussion in the Anglo-Saxon countries.

Canada

A special situation can be found in Canada, where intra-Canadian relations and disputes between the more Protestant Anglo-Canadians and the Catholic French-speaking Québécois always lead to internal tensions. In the 1990s, there was a real historians' dispute over the publications of Mordecai Richler and Esther Delisle on sympathy with the Nazis in Quebec and the priest and historian Lionel Groulx . Notorious is the expression Speak White , with which the English upper class in Quebec in particular indicated their whiteness and which Michèle Lalonde used lyrically.

Switzerland and Belgium

Switzerland, similar to the rift traversed, the Romandie and the present in the wider community Waggis separates from the German-speaking Swiss.

In Belgium it was only with the Manifeste pour la culture wallonne 1983 that there was an explicit commitment to a Belgian identity of the French-speaking part of the diverging country.

Germany

In the German-speaking countries, the French hegemonic power was for a long time the role model for the upper class and the local potentates who emulated the splendor of the Sun King. After the French Revolution , the original enthusiasm for France in the republican bourgeoisie came to an abrupt end due to the Napoleonic Wars and the so-called French era - and turned into the opposite . In the 19th century, Francophobia was seen as part of German identity and German national pride, and hatred of France became an expression of German national consciousness. Since conflicts between the two countries were mostly fought out through wars such as the Franco-German War and the First and Second World Wars , Francophobic opinions spread throughout Germany. It was not until the Élysée Treaty in 1963 that the foundation stone for Franco-German friendship was laid .

Linguistic effects

In the English and French languages, certain behaviors and objects are each related to the neighbor - a French leave , a leaving an event that goes unnoticed by the hosts, is not French in French, but a fileage à l'anglaise . French letter does not designate a letter, but a condom , whereas in France the capot anglais spoils an English rain cap or hood. Herpes and syphilis were mutually called French and English diseases.

See also

Further information

  • Lothar Baier : ORF's Bohemian Villages . In: Wespennest , 121, Vienna 2000.
  • York-Gothart Mix : Gallophilia and Gallophobia in literature and the media in Germany and Italy in the 18th century . With contributions by B. Anglani, N. Birkner, C. Campa, T. Coignard, G. Darras, A. Feuchter-Feler, R. Florack, M. Formica, R. Heitz, C. Julliard, R. Krebs, Hans -Jürgen Lüsebrink, Y.-G. Mix, J. Mondot, A. Muzelle, R. Paulin, AM Rao, J. Schillinger, A. Wagniart. Heidelberg 2011 (together with Raymond Heitz, A. Meier, Jean Mondot and Nina Birkner).
  • York-Gothart Mix: cultural patriotism and Francophobia. The stereotyping of national self-images and external images in language and fashion criticism between the Thirty Years' War and Vormärz (1648–1848) . In: arcadia . Journal for General and Comparative Literature 36/1 (2001). Pp. 156-185.
  • Stefan Zenklusen : Media career according to scheme X - France correspondence as a business-liberal catchphrase . In: Documents . Journal for the Franco-German Dialogue 4/2001, Bonn.
  • Stefan Zenklusen : Francophobic Globalism . In: ders .: In the Coolag archipelago . Berlin 2006.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John G. Robertson: Robertson's Words for a Modern Age: A Cross Reference of Latin and Greek Combining Elements . Senior Scribe Publications, 1991, ISBN 978-0-9630919-0-1 , p. 212.
  2. ↑ La France vue par les États-Unis: réflexions sur la francophobie à Washington Simon Serfaty Institut français des relations internationales, 2002 - 116 pages
  3. ^ [1] French Negotiating Behavior: Dealing with La Grande Nation by Charles Cogan Review by Philip Gordon 2004
  4. ↑ Out of Evil: New International Politics and Old Doctrines of War Steve Chan IBTauris, 2005 - 164 pages
  5. ↑ Canada: Two Solitudes . In: Der Spiegel . tape June 26 , 1990 ( spiegel.de [accessed August 14, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Speak White | work by Lalonde . In: Encyclopedia Britannica . ( britannica.com [accessed August 14, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Röstigraben | Forum Helveticum. Retrieved August 14, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Dimitrios Karmis and Alain Gagnon, Federalism, federation and collective identities in Canada and Belgium: different routes, similar fragmentation in Alain Gagnon, James Tully (editors) Multinational Democracies , Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 137-170, p. 166 ISBN 0-521-80473-6
  9. ↑ Michael North, Robert Riemer: The end of the Old Kingdom in the Baltic Sea area: Perceptions and transformations . S. 198 .
  10. ^ Franco-German Institute: Erbfeinde - Erbfreunde .
  11. ↑ Eatough G: Fracastoro's Syphilis . Francis Cairns, Liverpool 1984.