Passed pawn (chess)
As a pawn is called in chess one farmer , which can be stopped or on his way to the promotion square (on the last row) by any opposing pawns defeated.
It is important for the opponent to control passed pawns by blocking them with a piece, for example , to prevent the conversion .
In the final pawns gain strength. It is not uncommon for a figure to be given for a dangerous passed pawn (cf. study by Guljajew ). A pawn breakthrough aims to form a passed pawn.
example
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
8th | 8th | ||||||||
7th | 7th | ||||||||
6th | 6th | ||||||||
5 | 5 | ||||||||
4th | 4th | ||||||||
3 | 3 | ||||||||
2 | 2 | ||||||||
1 | 1 | ||||||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
In Diagram 1 , the white pawn on d4 and the black pawn on b7 are passed pawns .
This example shows that a pawn can lose his passed pawn again. If the white rook captures the black rook on c6 and Black answers with b7xc6 , both pawns are on adjacent lines and are therefore no longer passed pawns.
Distant and covered passed pawn
A distant passed pawn is characterized by being further away from the majority of the other pawns. If there are still pawns on both wings, then (if the total number of pawns is the same) a removed passed pawn in the endgame represents a positional advantage which is often sufficient to win the game. To do this, the pawns on the other wing must first be determined as far forward as possible. Then the removed passed pawn is sacrificed by letting the opposing king capture it. The associated loss of time is used by the king of the removed passed pawn to beat the specified pawns on the other wing and then to secure the game-deciding advantage by converting pawns.
One speaks of a covered passed pawn when it is covered by one's own pawn. A covered passed pawn is also a great positional advantage, as it cannot be captured without losing material and the opposing king in the pawn endgame is not allowed to leave the pawn's square if he does not want to risk its conversion. The other king can then often use his greater freedom of movement to win a decisive pawn. According to Kurt Richter , a covered passed pawn is an even greater asset than a distant passed pawn.
literature
- Robert Hübner : Waste No. 26: Connected passed pawns I , ChessBase Magazine 1995, issue 47 pages 34–44, issue 48 pages 39–50, issue 49 pages 19–28.