Alexander Pavlovich Gulyayev

Alexander Pavlovich Gulyayev (Grin)

Alexander Pavlovich Gulyaev ( Russian Александр Павлович Гуляев * 18th November 1908 in Saint Petersburg ; † 18th February 1998 ), after 1958 known by his pseudonym Alexander Pavlovich Grin (Russian Грин ), was a Soviet specialist in metallurgy , professor and chess composer .

Professional career

After graduating from school, Gulyayev decided to take up his father's profession and studied at the Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals of the Moscow Mining Academy until 1930. The lectures by NA Minkewitsch shaped him for the rest of his life.

In 1932 went to the Moscow Aviation Institute , defended his dissertation in 1939, a few years later his habilitation thesis and worked there until 1948, the last 6 years as head of the metals department. He founded a school of young scientists in metal research, who in turn set up new schools. His research was temporarily interrupted when Guljajew came to Berlin in May 1945 , saw the end of the Second World War and was employed as an expert for reparations until October 1945 .

In the following years he worked at other scientific institutions and carried out an intensive teaching activity. From 1955 he published a trade journal on the heat treatment of metals, of which he was editor-in-chief until the 1990s. He published around 400 articles in this field and 14 monographs, which also appeared as textbook editions. He supervised more than 50 doctoral students, many of whom later completed their habilitation themselves.

His 65-year academic career was extraordinarily long, the period between his first publication in 1932 and his last in 1997. Guljajew was Professor, Doctor of Engineering, and Honored Scientist and Engineer of the Russian Federation .

Chess composition

In 1924 Guljajew published his first two-move. He composed mainly two and three-moveers. In 1958, he paused because he was dissatisfied with not being nominated for the Soviet delegation that was traveling to the Piran Congress. But Gulyayev had a sense of humor . From this time he published his chess compositions under the pseudonym Grin (English for grin ). There has been speculation that he instead Green ( Green ) said. Often his pseudonym was wrongly transcribed like this in Western magazines.

After the break he occupied himself more with studies and auxiliary matting . Gulyayev composed a total of around 200 studies. He was a two-time master of chess composition of the USSR under the pseudonym Grin and one of the first to be awarded the title of Master of Sports of the USSR .

Alexander Gulyayev
Shachmaty w SSR, 1936

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

White to move forces a draw

Solution: White gives everything to stop

the black passed pawn on h2.
1. Bd3 – e4 f5xe4
2. Re6 – e5 + Kg5 – g4 The Potter maneuver .
3. Re5xe4 + Kg4 – g3
4. Re4 – e1 Nc1 – d3
5. Re1 – f1 Kg3 – g2
6. Kd1 – e2 Nd3 – f4 +
7. Ke2 – e1 Nf4 – h3 threatens the adjustment Nh3 – g1
8. Rf1 – h1! Kg2xh1
9. Ke1 – f1 positional draw.

The study ends in a well-known theoretical draw. With a little imagination, this position can also be seen as a fortress , which, in contrast to ordinary fortresses, is very spacious because it consists of almost the entire board. By swinging between f1 and f2, the white king can defend his fortress from the threat of superiority.

In 1956 Gulyayev was appointed International Arbiter for Chess Composition . In 1988 he was awarded the title of Grand Master for Chess Composition . In his 74-year chess career, he has published over 1,000 compositions, 300 of which have received prizes. Without a doubt, scientific work and chess composition were mutually beneficial for him.

In 1995, the elderly composer gave a lecture at the annual meeting of chess composers that took place in Turku , Finland that year . In the discussion that followed, Guljajew suddenly switched from English to Russian without even noticing it. The auditorium acknowledged it with a smile without interrupting its torrent of words. The majority understood what he meant anyway, and the rest were convinced by his loud arguments.

Life

Gulyayev's father was a metallurgy engineer, his mother a teacher. The father's profession brought the family to Yekaterinoslav in 1910 . In 1915 the family moved to the Urals, and the father worked as a manager of the Lysva metallurgical plant . After the October Revolution the family moved to Yekaterinburg and finally to Moscow in 1923 .

In 1929 Guljajew met the ballerina at the Bolshoi Theater Olga Aleksandrovna Baryschewa-Sharpantje and married her. Both were born on November 18, 1908 and died on February 18, 1998.

Works (selection)

• Alexander Pawlowitsch Guljajew a. a .: 300 Shachmatnych Sadach. Leningrad, Moscow, 1933 (Russian)
• Alexander Pavlovich Gulyayev : Kak reschat schachmatnyje sadatschi? , 2nd edition, Moscow, Leningrad, 1936 (Russian)
• Alexander Pawlowitsch Guljajew a. a .: Sovetsky schachmatny etjud. Moscow, 1955 (Russian)
• Alexander Pavlovich Guljajew: Isbrannyje schachmatnyje sadatschi i etjudy. Moscow, 1956 (Russian)
• Alexander Pavlovich Guljajew: Snamenityje komposizii. Moscow, 1973 (Russian)
• Alexander Pawlowitsch Guljajew a. a .: Isbrannyje komposizii. Moscow, 1985 (Russian)

literature

• EG 129 (July 1998), pp. 364-367, ISSN  0012-7671 ( PDF ( Memento of November 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
• Guljajew, AA: The 90th birthday of Alexander Pavlovich Guljajew. in: Metallowedenije i Termitscheskaja Obrabotka Metallow , No. 11, November 1998, pp. 2-8 (Russian), translation in: Metal Science and Heat treatment , Vol. 40, No. 11-12, 1998

Web links

• Compositions by Alexander Pawlowitsch Guljajew on the Schwalbe's PDB server

Individual evidence

1. ↑ EG 86 (October 1986), p. 160, gadycosteff.com ( Memento of November 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
2. ↑ International referees for chess compositions
3. ↑ Grand master for chess compositions