Bremen volunteer hunter corps

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Bremen hunter (left) and infantryman in 1815, illustration by Richard Knötel from 1890

The Bremen Voluntary Jäger-Korps was a Jäger-Korps , which was put together by the sugar manufacturer Heinrich Böse - also known as "Captain Böse" or "the old Böse" - with his own funds and made available to the Bremen Senate . It took part in two campaigns against Napoleon within the Hanseatic Legion .

The campaign of 1813/1814 against Napoleon

The Hanseatic Legion initially consisted of a group of Hamburg citizens who came together at the suggestion of the Russian General Tettenborn in 1813 to take part in the War of Liberation. This association was soon joined by volunteers from the Hanseatic sister cities of Bremen and Lübeck.

In Bremen , at the urging of Tettenborn, the Senate called for voluntary service in the army on November 8, 1813. After just two weeks, a 300-man battalion of infantry and a squadron with 150 horses were set up and expanded to 800 men and 200 horses by January 1814. The infantry was under the command of Major Christian August von Weddig , the cavalry was led by Baron Max von Eelking . In addition, the sugar factory owner Heinrich Böse offered to set up a hunting company at his own expense , the “Bremen Voluntary Jäger Corps”, later also called “Böse'sche Jäger”.

On February 1, 1814, the Böse'schen Jäger set off together with the rest of the Bremen troops in the direction of Cologne. The Jäger Corps marched on France and reached Lille, but could not take an active part in the fighting. The members of the Hanseatic Legion returned to Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck on June 30, 1814.

The 1815 campaign against Napoleon

After the news reached the capitals of Europe that Napoleon had fled Elba and landed in Cannes on March 1, 1815 , the allies meeting in the Congress of Vienna quickly agreed to fight again against France. On May 10, 1815, the Hanseatic cities joined the alliance concluded on March 25, 1815 between Austria, Russia, England and Prussia against Napoleon. Hamburg provided 1,700 men, Bremen 750 and Lübeck 550.

As in 1813, the Bremen Senate immediately prepared the establishment of a Bremen contingent. Heinrich Böse indicated to the Senate that he was ready to equip a hunter company of 75 men again at his own expense. This time the command of the company was to be entrusted to his brother-in-law Franz Thorbecke, since he himself would not go into the field again.

Together with the squadron "Reuter" of the cavalry under Major Max Freiherr von Eelking (1782–1857), the Bremen Volunteer Jäger Corps was assigned to the Prussian Uhlan Regiment No. 6, whose commander was Lieutenant Colonel von Lützow .

However, while Major von Eelking marched out of Bremen on April 30th with "fifty young men from the most respected Bremen families", arrived at the Lützow regiment on May 28th and took part in the battles of June 16th and 18th, delayed the departure of the Böse'schen Jäger until June 14, 1815. One of the chief hunters of the Böse'schen Jäger, Johann Georg Lohmann (born October 13, 1793 in Bremen, † September 10, 1830 in Bremen), reports in his diary the course of the campaign, which began on June 14, 1815 at 2 o'clock in the morning with the march in Bremen and ended on November 21, 1815 with the re-entry of the hunters in Bremen.

Since the diary also includes a list of the Bremen hunters, it can be stated that Heinrich Böse probably went beyond the originally promised 75 hunters in view of the voluntary reports: the list includes 176 names. The "Oberjäger" were Wilh m . Armbruster †, Herm. Busch †, Ant. H r . Cordes, Herm. Dahnken †, Johann Fäsenfeld, Joh. H n . Frahm †, Heinr. Grimm †, Joh. PE Greverus, Herm. W m . Holtzer, Heinr. W m . Köhne †, Joh. Geo. Lohmann, Isac Lohmann, Heinr. W m . Neddermann.

The hunters reached Brussels on July 9 via Cloppenburg, Lingen, Almelo, Arnhem, Nijmegen, s' Hertogenbosch, Tilburg and Antwerp. From there they drove to Waterloo on July 10th and visited the battlefield on which Napoleon had been defeated 22 days earlier, on June 18th . The diary gives a very impressive account of what you could see there:

the earth colored red with blood, in some places whole holes were still full. Horses that were not yet buried, parts of people as heads, arms, legs […] The sight was horrible. 20,000 farmers had worked for four days to bury the dead […].

From Brussels, the hunters traveled on to Paris, where they arrived on August 17 and stayed until August 24, 1815. Then the return journey began. First it went to Voyenne. There the news came from Paris on October 19 that the Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck hunters were to return to the fatherland, whereas the other troops of the Hanseatic Brigade were to remain to occupy France.

The hunters returned to Bremen on November 21st and received their farewell on December 4th. Of the original 176 participants, 26 were no longer alive at this point, although there had been no fighting.

literature

  • Wilhelm von Bippen: History of the City of Bremen . Third volume. C. Ed. Müller's Verlagbuchhandlung, Halle a / S. and Bremen 1904.
  • Biography of Bremen in the nineteenth century . Published by the historical society of the artists' association, Verlag von Gustav Winter, Bremen 1912.
  • Werner Kloos: Bremen Lexicon. A key to Bremen . Publisher HM Hauschild GMBH, Bremen 1977.
  • Herbert Black Forest: The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
  • Ludwig Arndt: Military associations in Northern Germany: Club life, badges, awards, monuments . 2008, ISBN 3833489669 , ISBN 978-3-833489-66-2 (on the traditional associations to which the members of the Hanseatic Legion came together after its dissolution in the Hanseatic cities)
  • Joachim Kannicht: With the Hanseatic Legion against Napoleon. Experiences of a Young Student 1813–1816 . 2008, ISBN 978-3-938208-64-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Home chronicle of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen. Edited by State Archives Director Dr. Friedrich Prüser (ed.). Archive for Deutsche Heimatpflege GmbH, Cologne. 1955. Printed by Schweiger & Pick, Celle. With contributions from Oberregierungs- and Schulrat Wilhelm Berger, Dr. Georg Borttscheller, Dr. Karl Helm, Senior Government Director Dr. Heinrich Maass. Pages 171-172.
  2. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, self-published in 1996. Can be viewed in the Bremen State Archives. Page 75
  3. ↑ Chronicle of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, p.400f
  4. ^ Wilhelm von Bippen: History of the city of Bremen. Third volume. Hall a / S. and Bremen, 1904. C. Ed. Müller's publishing bookstore. Page 410
  5. ^ Wilhelm von Bippen: History of the city of Bremen. Third volume. Hall a / S. and Bremen, 1904. C. Ed. Müller's Verlagbuchhandlung, pages 409-412
  6. ^ Wilhelm von Bippen: History of the city of Bremen. Third volume. Hall a / S. and Bremen, 1904. C. Ed. Müller's Verlagbuchhandlung, page 411
  7. ↑ The original is in the safe with Johann Georg Lohmann, Bremen (born February 4, 1931 in Washington DC, USA). A copy can be viewed in the Bremen State Archives: 08. 7,500 Small acquisitions, letters from the businessman Johann Georg Lohmann (1793–1830)
  8. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, 1996, page 131
  9. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, 1996, page 134
  10. ↑ The names marked with † have, in the expression of the author, "gone over into the realms of a better world".
  11. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, 1996, page 111
  12. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, 1996, page 125
  13. ^ Fritz Lohmann (Ed.): Too late in Waterloo. Johann Georg Lohmann's diary. From Dr. Friedrich Lohmann, Bergisch Gladbach, 1996, page 131
  14. ↑ List of the hunters, who with the captain Franz Thorbeck, the first lieutenant Burch. Tiedemann, 1st Lieutenant Ernst Koch, Sergeant Christ. Rippe and the Fourier Joh. Dr. Bunte moved into the field (those who did not return are marked with a †): Carl Armbster, Friedr. Achelis, Heinr. Ahrens †, Gottlb. Friedr. Andersch, Joh. Conr. Bechtel, Jac. Becker, Wm. Conr. Bookhoop †, Const. Hein. Bremer, Herm. Böhmer, Wilhm. Bredenkamp, ​​Herm. Bartholdy, Gottfr. Blanke, Joh. Fr. Böse †, Gerh. Bachmann, Eduard Bastian, Heinr. Berk, G. Fr. J. Bartels, Ernst Fr. Bitter, Joh. Ludw. Barkhausen, Geo. Joh. Claaßen, Carl Joh. Carnahl, Heinr. Dröge, Aug. Mr. Dannemann, Friedr. Detken, Herm. Dahnken, Matth. Ettler, Heinr. Ebert, Ed. Frdr. Franke, Mrs. Wm. Fehrmann, Mr. Geo. Torture, Geo. Herm. Franke, Joh. Chr. Feige, Ot. Dr. Frahm, Friedr. Frey, Wm. Aug. Fortmann, Heinr. Frerichs, Herm. Gätjen, Otto Herm. Gerßen †, Tillmann Grommé, Georg Gabein, Chr. Hr. Galtermann, Nicols. Gempt †, Geo. Carpsh. Gorissen, Aug. de Greif †, Diedr. Hartje, Heinr. Heimsoth, Chr. Heinrichs, Rud. Hameyer, Chr. Sim. Hajen †, Herm. Hille, Joh. Carl Hillmann, Joh. Conr. Haase, Carl Heeren †, Ms. Rud. Houte, Ms. Wm. Hallenberg, Joh. Hr. Hebeler, CJH Haßelhoff, H. Chr. Homann, Carl Imhorst, Danl. Jäger †, Joh. Ant. Jürgens, Herm. Boy, Herm. Ms. Kahle, Conrd. Knobel †, Carl Koch, Heinr. Köhnke, Joh. Hr. Kühn, Joh. Phl. Koehne, Bernh. Kroning, H. And. Küthmann, Herm. Ms. Kipp, Nicol. Godf. Korff, Johann Lohmann, Wilhm. Lahusen, Joh. Conr. Lühmann, FAH Lindner, AI Loßberg †, Johann Lampe, BD Lawegg, Leop. Wm. Mosees, Joh. Müller 1., Peter Müller 2., Chr. Müller 3., Joh. Müller 4., Joh. Müller 5., GR Meyer 1., Phil. Meyer 2., Deth. Meyer 3rd, Jac. Meyer 4th, Heinr. Meyer 5., Gerh. Meyer 6., Ludw. Meyer 7., CH Middendorff, Chr. Motz, CH Mertens, H. Fr. Mestwerdt, Eberh. Meyer 8., FW Neddermann, H. Fr. Neuhaus, Heinr. Ohm, Albert Peterßen †, Nicol. Peterßen, Joh. Fr. Plump, Abr. Poeple, Joh. Pritzkaw, LW Rockar, Conr. Rogge, Rud. Rönneberg, Lud. Rolff, Georg Rasch, Georg Rose, Albert Rust, Heinr. Rodewald, Wm. D. Raßmus, Bernh. Schumacher, Heinr. Schaffer, LH Sievers, AH Schörling, HC Schad, Danl. Schütte, Geo. Mrs. Selling, Adolph Sowersky, Chr. Scholle, Carl Seyffart †, Jasp. Geo. Stubbemann, Joh. Hr. Seemann †, Ms. Wm. Sauerberg, Geo. Arnd Schonhütte †, Mart. Look, Louis Severin, Christian. Schade, Joh. Chr. Steffens, GA v.Spreckelsen, CW Schirmer, Gerh. Stöver †, Ms. W. Treiß †, Bernh. Voss, Carl Vogeley, Herm. Wolff, PAH Wolff, SH Wöhlking, Frz. Wiesinger, Friedr. Wilkens, Conr. Wätjen, Chr. Wultzen, Mart. Wilkens, Joh. Hr. Wiechmann †, Diedr. Wilkens †, Joh. Hr. Westhoff, Ad. Laundry, Eduard Zahn †