Friedrichsgrube

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Diorama of the Friedrichsgrube around 1860
Look into the tunnels
stollen

The Royal Friedrich pit at Tarnowitz ( Tarnowskie Góry ) was a lead and silver ore mine from the 18th century. It was one of the oldest and most important mines in Upper Silesia. In parts of the former Friedrichsgrube, a show mine called the Silberbergwerk ( Kopalnia Srebra ) was set up for visitors .

For dewatering the Friedrich was pit 1821-1834 of Friedrich tunnel depth created. The lead ores extracted from the mine were smelted in the Friedrichshütte .

history

Tarnowitz was an important mining site from around 1490 to 1600. Mining ceased in the city in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden explored Silesia for mineral resources. In 1784 the first pieces of ore were found in the "Rudolphine" and "Anton" shafts near Tarnowitz, whereupon a new mine was built to promote the ore deposits and to be able to resume mining in Tarnowitz. The ore deposits are stored in the shell limestone. The mine was opened as a state-owned company in July 1784 and initially remained without a name. For a short time it was called Friedrich-Wilhelm. From 1786 the mine was finally called "Friedrichsgrube". In 1786 the Friedrichshütte also started operations.

On January 19, 1788, the first steam engine of the Kingdom of Prussia was put into operation in the mine; the machine was bought in England. It served to drive the drainage system. Shortly afterwards, a second self-constructed steam engine was put into operation on site. In August 1788, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm visited the mine.

On September 4, 1790, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , accompanied by Duke Carl August, visited the mine and the Friedrichshütte on his trip to Upper Silesia and made three sketches of the pump systems. In 1803 the first mining school in Upper Silesia was founded on the site of the mine.

In 1912 the mining of silver ores and lead ores in Tarnowitz was stopped. On September 5, 1976, parts of the silver mine were opened to the public. On July 9, 2017, the facilities of the former Friedrichsgrube were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

literature

  • Hugo Koch: Memorandum to celebrate the centenary of the Königl. Lead and silver ore mine Friedrichsgrube near Tarnowitz O.-S. : on July 16, 1884

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mineral Atlas
  2. ↑ Goethe-Handbuch Supplements: Volume 2: Naturwissenschaften , 2016

Coordinates: 50 ° 25 ′ 32.1 ″  N , 18 ° 50 ′ 59.1 ″  E