Spatial data infrastructure
A geodata infrastructure ( GDI ) is a network for the exchange of geodata , in which geodata producers, service providers in the geographic area and geodata users are linked to one another via a physical data network, usually the Internet .
Due to the importance of spatial information (= geodata ), the goal of the GDI is to make this geodata available to all users. The term “user” includes public administration as well as business, science and the citizen. A spatial data infrastructure consists of the technical components as well as organizational and legal provisions that regulate and ensure the operation of the spatial data infrastructure.
Technical components of a SDI
On the technical side, a spatial data infrastructure contains spatial data, spatial services , metadata and networks that are based on internationally valid norms and standards.
Geodata includes, on the one hand, the basic spatial data that describe the ( topography ), the parcels and the building stock in a uniform spatial reference as impartially as possible. They are mainly collected and made available by the surveying and cadastral administration of the federal states and municipalities. On the other hand, the term geodata includes all spatial data with a technical reference, such as environmental protection, soil science or traffic. This information is collected from all administrative levels as well as from business and science.
Geospatial services offer standardized access to the available geospatial data. They make it possible to call up and display map sections in the Internet browser, provide background information (see metadata) on specific locations and offer search and analysis functions.
Metadata is descriptive information about existing spatial data, spatial services or other resources such as B. certain specialist applications. With the information contained in the metadata (such as the name, the intended use, the conditions of use, possible fees, the sources of supply), it is possible within a spatial data infrastructure to find the various resources, to assess them qualitatively and also for further tasks to use.
Networks form the technical basis of the GDI, similar to a road or rail network, and consist primarily of data lines and powerful computers ( servers ). They enable the exchange of geospatial data. Important requirements for networks are a sufficiently large bandwidth for the fastest possible data transfer and high availability of their components. In addition, networks must be open in order to guarantee the exchange between the various actors involved and access to the spatial data distributed in the network.
Norms and standards are necessary to ensure the exchange of data from a wide variety of providers and enable the geodata to be used in any application regardless of manufacturer ( interoperability ). Spatial data , geospatial services , metadata and the networks are based without exception on such norms and standards, such as B. HTTP, WMS, XML.
Legal and organizational components of a SDI
On the legal and organizational side, the European directive INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) for the development of a European spatial data infrastructure should be mentioned in particular . In the Federal Republic of Germany, the initiative Spatial Data Infrastructure Germany (GDI-DE) was launched on the basis of an administrative agreement between the federal government and the federal states . All activities for setting up spatial data infrastructures in the federal states and the federal administration are bundled and coordinated under the umbrella of GDI-DE.
With the spatial data infrastructure Germany (GDI-DE), as it has been built up by the federal, state and local governments since 2003, not only the prerequisites for the implementation of INSPIRE in Germany are created, but also joint projects in the interest of the public administration and the geographic information economy commission for geographic information economy advanced. The common regulations for the establishment and operation of the GDI-DE are regulated in an administrative agreement between the federal government and the federal states.
The hierarchical structure in public administration in Germany includes the following projects:
- GDI-DE, at the level of the Federal Republic of Germany
- GDI federal state, at the level of the respective federal state
- GDI-Kommunal, at the level of the respective local authority
The hierarchical structure in public administration in Switzerland includes the following projects:
- NGDI (National Geodata Infrastructure), at the level of the Swiss federal administration , Swiss cantons , municipalities and third parties
- BGDI (Federal Geodata Infrastructure), at the level of the Swiss federal administration
Web links
- www.GDI-DE Geodata Infrastructure Germany
- Spatial data infrastructure Rhineland-Palatinate
- National spatial data infrastructure (NGDI)
- Geoland.at Austria
- Geoland.at Austria (country level)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Geodata Portal Lower Saxony: What is Geodata Infrastructure (GDI)? Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
- ↑ http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/