García Jiménez

García Jiménez was the progenitor of the House of Jiménez , which succeeded the House of Íñiguez in Pamplona ( Kingdom of Navarre ), and was probably a reigning king himself in the 9th century.

Progenitor of Jiménez

Little is known about García Jiménez, except that he must have lived in the middle of the 9th century. It is only known from the Codex de Roda , written in the 10th century , in which the genealogical background of the early kings of Navarre is described. Among other things, a brother named Enneco Scemenonis is attributed to him. If one identifies this with the progenitor of the house Íñiguez and first king of Pamplona, Íñigo Arista , both houses would represent cousin lines of one and the same family.

The family of García Jiménez described in the Codex de Roda :

Jimeno

Oneca Rebele from Sangüesa

García Jiménez (Garsea Scemenonis) =? García Jiménez Kg. 858 and 860

Dadildis from Pallars

Íñigo Jiménez (Enneco Scemenonis) =? Íñigo Arista Kg. 824-852

Ínigo Garcés

Galindo II of Aragon

Sancha Garcés

Íñigo Fortún son of Fortún Garcés , Kg. 882–905

Sancho I. Kg. 905-925

Jimeno Kg. 925-931

House Íniguez

House Jiménez

King of Pamplona

García Jiménez depicted as the first king of Navarre and Aragón (Garcias ximinis primus Rex Nauarre et Aragoie) and ancestor of the Navarre ruling dynasty. Miniature from the 14th century.

Due to the inadequate history of the Basques and their rulers in the 9th century and the preserved sources, the historical classification of García Jiménez is difficult. Speculations exist above all about his identification with a king of Pamplona of the same name, who is known from three documents from the years 828, 858 and 860. In the documents he is named as follows:

• 828: "ego Garsias Semenonis rex pampilonensium ..."
• 858: "sub regimine Garssia Scemenonis rege de Pampilona ..."
• 860: "regnant lively Garcia Scemenones in Pampilona ..."

It is unclear how this King García (II.) Jiménez was connected to the kings of the House of Íñiguez who ruled at the same time. If he was related to them, he had presumably acted as a kind of sub-king or as guardian for the reigning King García (I.) Íñiguez (852-882), the son of Íñigo Arista. Otherwise, however, he had appeared as a rival of the Íñiguez and had been able to prevail against them as an opposing king for a short time in Pamplona.

The extent to which King García Jiménez was identical to the progenitor of the Jiménez dynasty discussed here cannot be unequivocally established. This is supported by the fact that the daughter of the dynasty's founder was married to Count Galindo II of Aragón , perhaps as a result of an increased political closeness to this count's house. In all three of the king's documents, Count Galindo I of Aragón , Galindos II's grandfather, was listed as the first witness standing after him. The text of the Codex de Roda speaks against a common identity , where the García Jiménez described there, like his brother, is named without a royal title. On the other hand, the author of the Codex must have had no knowledge of this kingship, since García obviously could not assert himself permanently against the Íñiguez. This was only achieved by Sancho I. Garcés in 905 with the deposition and exile of King Fortún Garcés , which may have marked the end of a power struggle between two families for power in Pamplona that had lasted at least 50 years.

In medieval historiography, the father of King Sancho I. Garcés was recognized as the king of 858/860 and thus as the progenitor of the Jiménez dynasty. For example in the Chronica de San Juan de la Peña from the 14th century. In the genealogical treatises of the kings of Aragón , he was also considered the first of their line (see picture).

literature

• Justo Pérez de Urbel: Lo viejo y lo nuevo sobre el origens del reino de Pamplona. In: Al-Andalus. Vol. 19 (1954), pp. 1-42.
• Claudio Sánchez Albornoz: Problemas de la historia navarra del siglo IX. In: Cuadernos de historia de Espana. Vol. 25/26 (1957), pp. 5-82.
• Antonio Ubieto Arteta: La dinastía Jimena. In: Saitabi. Vol. 10 (1960), pp. 65-80.

Remarks

1. ↑ Textos navarros del Códice de Roda, ed. by José María Lacarra de Miguel in: Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. Vol. 1 (1945), §10, p. 234. ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ Ínigo Arista had signed the founding deed of the Abbey of San Salvador de Leire on April 18, 842 as "son of Jiménez" (Enneco ... rex, filius Simeonis) . Documentación medieval de Leire, ed. by Ángel J. Martín Duque (1983), No. 1, p. 11.
3. ↑ On the documents from 858 and 860 see Manuel Oliver y Hurtado: Discurso leido ante la Real Academia de la Historia en su recepción pública (1866), apéndice 6–7, pp. 113–114. For the document dated in the year 828 see Antonio Ubieto Arteta: Cartulario de San Juan de la Peña I. (1962), No. 3, p. 21. It can probably also be edited in the year 858.
4. ↑ Textos navarros del Códice de Roda, ed. by José María Lacarra de Miguel in: Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. Vol. 1 (1945), pp. 242–243, note 21. ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa, ed. by T. Ximénez de Embún y Val (1876), §5, p. 22.

Web link

• KINGS OF NAVARRE (INTRODUCTION) at fmg.ac.