Guardian
The Gardemarin ( Russian гардемарин , English Guard marine ) was a rank in the Imperial Russian Navy . It existed from 1716 to 1917. The name is a transcription of the French garde-marine . From 1716 to 1752 and from 1860 to 1882 the rank was intended for active members of the fleet, in between it was only awarded to members of military training institutions of the fleet.
The rank was introduced in 1716 by Emperor Peter I for the graduates of the Academy of the Navy Guard ( Академия морской гвардии ), which was the first maritime training institution in Russia. The graduates of this educational institution belonged to the Guard Company from 1718. On the ships of the fleet they were among the lower ranks and wore the uniform of the Preobrazhensky body regiment . According to the military rules of the time, they were “soldiers during combat, sailors while driving” ( “в бою, как солдаты, в ходу, как матросы” ). After the practical training on board in the rank of Gardemarin or Starschi Gardemarin they were appointed officers. According to the rules of 1720 ( Морской Устав 1720 года ), their number on ships was not limited. During the battle they were used on the guns, where they supported the gunners. In the rest of the time they carried out the duties of the sailors, but were available for four hours a day to train other ranks. Of these four hours, they were trained by the helmsman for one and a half hours, thirty minutes for musket training, and for another hour they were trained by the constable (Russian: констапель , a non-commissioned officer in the naval artillery) or artillery officer. The captain of the ship or a corresponding officer conducted training in ship command for a further hour.
In 1752 the fleet's training facilities were closed and replaced by the Naval Cadet Corps ( Морской кадетский корпус ). The cadets who received three years of training were appointed guardians. The first year taught arithmetic , geometry, trigonometry, foreign languages and a range of nautical subjects. During the following years, the cadets received special training. In the first two years they had to complete an on-board internship.
From 1906 the rank was awarded to graduates of the Naval Cadet Corps or the Naval Engineering School ( Морское инженерное училище ) who completed their internship. After the one-year internship, a practical test had to be taken, after which the guard mariny were appointed Mitschman , graduates in shipbuilding or mechanics were appointed Podporutschik . Graduates who did not pass the practical test, showed inadequate seafaring qualities and did not appear suitable for military service in the fleet, were dismissed with the rank of Podporutschik or as civil servants X. class (see ranking table ).
After the October Revolution in November 1917, the rank was abolished.
See also:
literature
- Yuri Weremeew: Anatomy of the Army online (Russian)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ see Weremejew, chapter Official duties of the ranks of the fleet in the 18th century