Mitschman
 Imperial Russian Navy |
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|---|---|
 
1909–1917 / 1884–1909 |
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| Rank group | Mitschman |
| NATO rank code | OR-7 to OR-8 comparable |
| Rank Army / Air Force | Praporshchik |
| Marine rank | Mitschman |
| Abbreviation (in lists) | |
| Grade | NN |
Mitschman ( Russian мичман ) originally comes from the English term midshipman and literally means "the man in the middle of the ship" and denotes the lowest OF1 rank in the Imperial Russian Navy until 1917, which was comparable to the sub-lieutenant at sea in the Imperial Navy .
Since 1971 Mitschman has designated a WO1 rank in the Soviet Navy , which is currently used in the Russian Federation and a number of other countries.
Mitschman is also the generic term for this independent rank group or designation for this special career, which includes, for example, the two ranks Mitschan WO1 and Obermitschman WO2 of the Russian naval fleet . The NVA's ensign career was also equivalent. The career is also comparable to the Chorąży in Poland and Praporschtschik in a number of other countries.
The position of the career group according to NATO rank codes WO-1 to 2 or OR-7 to 8 in English-speaking armed forces would be most comparable with this rank group.
Even in the present, the Mitschman , for example in Russia and the Ukraine, differs fundamentally from the ensign at sea in the Bundeswehr, who is usually a temporary rank designation for officer candidates in the German Navy .
history
The military qualifications of this rank and the inclusion in the hierarchy of the naval forces have often changed for the persons concerned in the course of history. In the Imperial Russian Fleet , the rank was first introduced as a non-commissioned officer rank in 1716 . From 1732 to 1917 (except from 1751 to 1758, since the Mitschman was a non-commissioned officer at that time) the Mitschman was then the lowest naval officer rank, which corresponded to the OF1 rank Praporschtschik in the Imperial Russian Army . Instruction in this officer rank was regularly possible for members of the guard if the practical and theoretical exams were successfully passed. Until about 1917/19 typical uses for a Mitschman were, for example, the on-board use of the gun leader, gun turret, commander of anti-mine artillery, navigation officer of smaller warships or sub-unit leader, etc.
During the Soviet era, the Mitschman was first introduced in 1940 as the highest rank for sergeant major of the Soviet naval fleet, floating units of the border troops and the internal armed forces . This decree remained in force until 1972. With effect from January 1, 1972, a separate career group was created for soldiers of the Mitschman rank .
Current development
The fellow of the Russian naval fleet is currently ranked higher than the highest ranking boatswain on board, but he is subordinate to the lowest ranking officers on board. The appointment as a Mitschman takes place regularly after successful completion of a Mitschman training facility, which the marines concerned usually go through as a course student .
There are two ranks in this career group in the Russian Naval Navy. These are the ranks Mitschman (WO-1) and Obermitschman (WO-2). The equivalent in the other armed forces of the Russian Federation , for example in the army and air force, is Praporschtschik (WO-1) and Oberpraporschtschik (WO-2).