Praporshchik
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  Distinction badge |
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| Rank group | the Praporschiks |
| NATO rank code | WO-1 and WO-2 comparable |
| Rank Army / Air Force | Praporshchik |
| Marine rank | Mitschman |
| Abbreviation (in lists) | Prap |
| Grade | Decree 2010: |
Praporschtschik ( Russian прапорщик , English. Transkription praporshchik , dt. Ensign ) denotes the lowest rank of the rank group of Praporschtschiks in the land and air forces of Russia and in a number of other countries , but is also the generic term for this independent rank group or designation for this rank group special career.
| Rank | ||
| lower: Starschina (staff sergeant) |
 Praporshchik |
higher: Starschi praporschtschik (Oberfähnrich) |
history
The Praporschtschik was first mentioned in the 17th century under this name, which is traced back to the ancient Slavic root pra-por ("it flutters, it blows") and refers to a "flag". The NVA's ensign career was also equivalent to the Praporschtschik career. The career is equivalent to the Chorąży career in Poland and a number of other countries.
The position of the career group according to NATO rank codes WO-1 to 4 or OR-7 to 9 in English-speaking armed forces would be most comparable to this rank group.
In the present, too, the Praporschtschik , for example in Russia, Ukraine and Slovakia, differs fundamentally from the ensign of the Bundeswehr, which is usually a temporary rank designation for officer candidates from the army , air force or medical service .
Praporschtschik Russia
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there are two ranks in this category. These are the ranks Praporschtschik (WO-1) and Oberpraporschtschik (WO-2). The equivalent in the Russian Navy to these ranks is Mitschman (WO-1) and Obermitschman (WO-2).
| 1994-2010 | Land forces (army) | Air Force (Luftwaffe) | Airborne troops | Naval War Fleet (Navy) | ||||||
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| designation | Oberfähnrich (Старштй прапокик Starschi praporschtschik) |
Ensign (Прапощик Praporschtschik) |
Ensign | Ensign | Ensign | Ensign | Ensign | Ensign | Obermitschman (Старштй мичман Starschi mitschman) |
Michman (Мичман michman) |
 rank |
WO-2 | WO-1 | WO-2 | WO-1 | WO-2 | WO-1 | WO-2 | WO-1 | WO-2 | WO-1 |
Russian Empire
In the tsarist empire, the Praporschtschik was German and Praporstschik last the lowest officer rank. The counterpart in the navy was the Mitschman (ru: Мичман, Mitschman). The rank came from the "New Regiments", which were initially recruited from Western Europeans from 1631 on. With the introduction of the ranking table of Emperor Peter I in 1722, with a few exceptions, it was introduced throughout the army . Since then, when the rank of Praporschtschik was reached, even commoners were automatically raised to the hereditary nobility , from 1856 only to the personal nobility.
The Unterpraporschtschik (ru: Подпрапорщик, Podpraporschtschik ) originally ranked between the corporal (ru: Капрал, Kapral ) and the sergeant (ru: Сержант, Serschant ). Since 1798 the officer candidate rank Portepeepraporschtschik (ru: Портупей прапорщик, Portupej praporschtschik ) was put in front of him; this in turn stood just behind the highest rank of sergeant, the sergeant (ru: Фельдфебель, Feldfebel ).
In 1826 the Unterpraporschtschik moved to the head of the corps of non-commissioned officers and acted both as standard bearer and as deputy officer ; since 1907 the praporschtschik deputy (ru: Зауряд-прапорщик, Saurjad-praporschtschik ; lit. "substitutepraporschschik") was subordinate to him.
The Praporschik deputy in the employment or service position as a sergeant (ru: Зауряд-прапорщик на должности фельдфебеля, Zaurjad-praporschtschik za dolnosti field agent febelja ) was in his capacity as sub-officers to all company officers.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the Praporschtschik ranks in the Soviet armed forces were dropped until 1972.
Imperial Russian Army
In the Imperial Russian Army from 1883 to 1917 and in the White Army from 1917 to 1923, the Praporschtschik was the lowest rank of the rank group of officers / ranklasse lieutenants .
The ranks Unterpraporschtschik ( Russian подпрапорщик / podpraporschtschik) and Praporschtschik deputy (ru: зауряд-прапорщик / saurjad-praporschtschik), on the other hand, belonged to the rank group of non-commissioned officers / rank class Portepee Unteroffiziere ; as was evident from the shoulder pieces despite the similarity of names. The basic motif of these shoulder pieces was taken up again in the later OR8 rank of the Soviet Army - staff sergeant (ru: старшина / starschina).
Rank order
| 1883-1923 | Imperial Russian Army / White Army | |||
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Podpraporschtschik (Podkhorunschi) |
Praporschtschik deputy | Praporshchik | Podporutschik | |
| Rank group | NCOs | Senior officers | ||
| Rank | ||
| lower: Praporschtschik deputy |
Praporshchik |
higher: Podporutschik |
The following ranks were equivalent to the Praporschtschik :
- Infantry (1722–1730) - Ensign ( Russian original name = Fendrik / Фендрик)
- Cavalry (until 1884) - cornet (ru = Kornet / Корнет)
- Artillery (1722–1796) - piece squire (ru = Schtük-juinker / Штык-юнкер)
- Cossack Army (until 1848) - Chorunschi (ru = Chorunschi / Хорунжий)
- Imperial Russian Navy - Mitschman (ru = Mitschman / Мичман)
Rank designations in other countries
In the countries below, the spellings are almost the same or at least very similar, right up to the classification in the hierarchy.
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Slovakia → Slovak Práporčík
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Slovenia → Slovenian Praporščak
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Lithuania → Lithuanian Praporščikas
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Czech Republic → Praporčík
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Kazakhstan , Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , Russia → Praporschtschik ( Russian Прапорщик )
Countries with different rank designations
Some former member states of the Warsaw Pact follow the same concept, but use different rank designations.
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Azerbaijan → Azerbaijani Baş Gizir
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GDR → Ensign (NVA)
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Poland → Chorąży
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Serbia → Zastavnik Serbian Заставник
/ Zastavnik
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Hungary → Ensign ( Hungarian Zászlós (zls) )
Specialty:
In the People's Republic of Bulgaria at that time , this rank and rank group did not exist.
Soviet Union
Based on the tradition in the Imperial Russian Army , the Praporschtschik and Mitschman ranks and the corresponding careers in the military service for professional soldiers were reintroduced in 1971. This category was also introduced in the Ministry of the Interior. It was mainly reserved for professional soldiers of the highest non-commissioned officer ranks of the land forces and the air force. The equivalent to this grade was the michman ( Russian Мичман ) of the Navy.
In 1981 he was appointed to the Oberpraporschtschik (ru: Старший прапорщик, Starschi Praporschtschik ). The latter corresponds to the Obermitschman (ru: Старший мичман, Starschi mitschman) of the Navy. This rank group was adopted in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
| Land forces (army) | Air Force (Luftwaffe) | Naval War Fleet (Navy) | police | |||||
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from 1971 from 1991 .svg)
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| Oberpraporschtschik (1981-1994) |
Praporschtschik (1971–1994) |
Oberpraporschtschik (1981-1994) |
Praporschtschik (1971–1994) |
Obermitschman (1981-1994) |
Mitschman (1971-1994) |
Oberpraporschtschik | Praporshchik | |
- Sleeve badge
| Sleeve badge to mark the years of service Praporschtschik and Mitschman from 1971 (worn on the left lower sleeve of the uniform jacket) |
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| 10 and more years | 5th to 9th year | 4th year (like 5th to 9th year, but without asterisk) |
3rd year | 2 years | 1 year | |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Remuneration and structure: According to the presidential decree of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2010 No. 293
- ↑ Wiesław Boryś. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. 2005, p. 446
- ^ Bielefeld, German-Russian Dictionary, Institute for Slavonic Studies, 6th edition, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, S.XI
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↑ Military Lexicon, 2nd ed. 1973, L-No .: 5, ES-No .: 6C1, BstNr: 745.303.1, Plate 77… USSR; Rank and branch of service badges, cap emblems, from ensign and Mitschman ...
- Publisher: Militärverlag der DDR
- Author: Redaktionskollegium OTL Dipl.-Päd. G. Artl • O Dr. rer. mil. E. Bauer • Dipl.-Phil.K. Dorst • Maj. Graduate interpreter G. Fischer • OTL graduate social scientist J. Klein • Graduate social scientist G. Mattig • O Dr. rer. mil. W. Schiel • O Dipl.-Ing. H. Scholz • OTL Dr. phil. H. Usczeck