Ensign (Poland)
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|---|---|
  Shoulder piece uniform jacket / beret |
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| Rank group | the ensign (Chorąży) |
| NATO rank code | OR-8 comparable |
| Rank Army / Air Force | Ensign (Chorąży) |
| Marine rank |
Ensign at sea (Chorąży at sea) |
| Abbreviation (in lists) | |
| Grade | |
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The ensign (original name in Polish chorąży ) is the third highest rank (OR-8) of the career or rank group of ensigns in the Polish Armed Forces . In a number of western armed forces, on the other hand, the ensign or ensign in the sea is a military rank which - differently from country to country - is either an officer candidate , for example in Germany, or the designation for the youngest officer rank .
Concept formation
Chorąży [xɔˈrɔ̃ʐɨ] is a Polish word that is usually translated as “ standard bearer” (in the general sense), “ensign” (as a military rank ) or as “standard bearer” (in the figurative sense). It originally stood for a mostly mounted "standard bearer", standard bearer or standard bearer as a functional designation that became a military rank. Corresponds are used in a number of countries to the present day. The word can be derived from the Gothic hrugga ("pole, flagpole").
classification
The career is equivalent to the Praporschtschik career in Russia and a number of other countries.
The position of the career group of warrant officers in the English-speaking armed forces would most likely be comparable to this rank group.
Even today, the Chorąży in Poland differs fundamentally from the ensign of the Bundeswehr, who is usually a temporary rank designation for officer candidates from the army, air force or medical service.
| Rank | ||
| lower: Unterchorąży (pl: Młodszy chorąży) |
 Chorąży |
higher: Oberchorąży (pl: Starszy chorąży) |
Operational clothing for the army, special troops and air force
uniform jacket beret |
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NATO rank code |
( Młodszy chorąży ) - mł. Choir. - OR-7 |
( Chorąży ) - choir. - OR-8 |
( Starszy chorąży ) - st. Choir. - OR-9 |
( Starszy chorąży sztabowy ) - st. Choir. szt. - OR-9 |
The ranks of the lower shorąży (Młodszy chorąży sztabowy (mł. Chor. Szt.)) And Stabsorąży (Chorąży sztabowy (chor. Szt.)) Were abolished with effect from July 1, 2004.
Polish Land Forces
| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 army |
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| Stabsoberchorąży ( Starszy chorąży sztabowy ) |
Oberchorąży ( Starszy chorąży ) |
Chorąży ( Chorąży ) |
Unterchorąży ( Młodszy chorąży ) |
|
| short | st.chor.szt. | st.chor. | Choir. | mł.chor. |
| English | Staff senior chorąży | Senior chorąży | Chorąży | Junior chorąży |
Polish Air Force
| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 air force |
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| Stabsoberchorąży ( Starszy chorąży sztabowy ) |
Oberchorąży ( Starszy chorąży ) |
Chorąży ( Chorąży ) |
Unterchorąży ( Młodszy chorąży ) |
|
| short | st.chor.szt. | st.chor. | Choir. | mł.chor. |
| English | Staff senior chorąży | Senior chorąży | Chorąży | Junior chorąży |
Polish Navy
The insignia of rank of the Polish Navy are worn on the headgear as well as on the shoulder pieces and - similar to the way of wearing in the German Navy - on the lapels of both sleeves of the uniform jacket.
| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 marine |
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| sleeve |
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| rank | Stabsoberchorąży at sea ( Starszy chorąży sztabowy marynarki ) |
Oberchorąży at sea ( Starszy chorąży marynarki ) |
Chorąży at sea ( Chorąży marynarki ) |
Unterchorąży at sea ( Młodszy chorąży marynarki ) |
| short | st.chor.szt.mar. | st.chor.mar. | chor.mar. | mł.chor.mar. |
| English | Staff senior chorąży navy | Senior chorąży navy | Chorąży navy | Junior chorąży navy |
history
The original standard bearer - Chorąży - soon became a military rank in Poland, which was also used in a number of neighboring countries. For example, the military ranks Chorunschij ( ru : and uk : Хорунжий ) arose in Russia and the Ukraine . From then on, the rank was given to standard-bearers / ensigns who usually came from the knighthood. They were bearers and keepers of the banners, flags or standards of military formations, provinces or voivodships , as well as of princely houses or the kingdom.
14th to 18th century
From the end of the 14th century there were four "central" Chorąży ranks in the era of personal union (1385–1569) in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the era of the Royal Republic of Poland-Lithuania (1569–1795).
- Large standard bearer of the crown
- Large standard bearer of Lithuania
- Court standard bearer of the crown
- Courtyard standard bearers of Lithuania
Around the same time, deserving people could be raised to the status of a chorąży and use this non-inheritable title as an addition to their name.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Chorąży was used to denote the rank of leader of the Cossack communities of independent equestrian associations and later the Cossack host , the Cossack Army, as part of the Imperial Russian Army .
The name Chorunschij was officially used as a military rank in Russia for the first time in 1792. It is the entry level for younger Cossack officers, for example in the rank of a sub-lieutenant at the time , the Подпоручик or Podporutschik of the infantry or the cornet of the cavalry .
Current development
This tradition was abandoned during the time of Soviet rule. Instead of the former Chorunschij ranks , however, the Praporschtschik (ru: Прапорщик) career group was introduced here in 1971 . A number of Warsaw Pact countries followed suit and also introduced this career group, some with different rank designations and with two to four grades each.
- Countries with Praporschtschik ranks
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Slovenia → Slovenian Praporščak
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Czech Republic , Slovakia → Czech Praporčík Slovak Praporčík
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Kazakhstan , Russia , Ukraine , Belarus → Praporschtschik (ru: Прапорщик )
- Countries with different rank designations
Some other countries of the former WP follow the same concept, but use different rank designations:
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Azerbaijan → Azerbaijani Gizir
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Lithuania → Lithuanian Vėliavininkas
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GDR → Ensign (NVA)
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Serbia → Zastavnik ( Serbian Заставник
/ Zastavnik ) -
Hungary → Ensign ( Hungarian Zászlós (zls) )
Modern times
In the Polish Republic from 1919 to 1922 and from 1963 in the People's Republic of Poland (from 1989 in Poland of Renewal) designated Chorąży as an independent career group between the group of lieutenants (OF-1) and the group of NCOs with portepee . The equivalent according to the NATO rank code would be OR-7 to OR-9 or WO-1 to WO-3. From 1944 to 1957, the Chorąży was even the lowest officer rank, which was then replaced by the second lieutenant .
The position of the career group of warrant officers in the English-speaking armed forces would most likely be comparable to this rank group.
Ensign
Even today, the Praporschtschik and Chorąży are fundamentally different from the ensign of the Bundeswehr, who is usually a temporary rank designation for officer candidates from the army, air force, medical service and navy. These are the ranks Fahnenjunker / Seekadett (OR-5), Fähnrich / Fähnrich zur See (OR-6) and Oberfähnrich / Oberfähnrich zur See (OR-7).
- See
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wiesław Boryś. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. 2005. p. 66, Aleksander Brückner , Karel Kadlec , Lubor Niederle . Początki kultury słowiańskiej, p. 46
- ↑ The career group would be comparable with NATO rank codes WO-1 to WO-4 or equivalent to OR-9 to OR-7.