Law of July 1, 1901

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The law of July 1, 1901 ( French Loi du 1er juillet 1901 relative au contrat d'association ) together with the Civil Code forms the basis for French association law . It is also valid in numerous countries that were French colonies in 1901 . It guarantees to all persons regardless of their nationality, the freedom of association .

prehistory

Before the law came into force, official approval was required to set up an association in France. The declaration of human and civil rights of 1789 did not in practice lead to freedom of association. The Second French Republic had provided for freedom of association in the constitution of 1848, but suspended it a year later.

Legal provisions

Term of association

The law of 1 July 1901 defines a club ( association ) as a private law, the Civil Code, subject to agreement between two or more parties, which is geared towards long-term joint activities, and its aim is not that the income from the joint activities be shared among the contracting parties.

Freedom of association

In Article 2, the law guarantees all persons the freedom to form associations. This freedom is restricted in Article 3, which annuls associations whose activities are contrary to the law or morality, or which are contrary to the territorial integrity of France or the republican form of government. Article 4 makes it clear that every member of the association (each contractual partner) has the right to withdraw from the association at any time after the outstanding contributions have been paid.

Legally competent associations

In order to obtain legal capacity, a newly established association must be registered with the prefecture of its seat ( Siège social ) in accordance with Article 5 of the law . The registration must contain the name of the association, the object of the association as well as the names, professions and nationalities of the people who administer the association. Article 5 also contains regulations on the publication of the establishment of an association.

Religious orders

By Articles 13 to 18, the state subjects the congregations to its control and largely abolishes their self-government.

Special scheme for Alsace-Lorraine

Associations that have their headquarters in one of the departments of Bas-Rhin , Haut-Rhin and Moselle are not subject to the law of July 1, 1901, but instead Articles 21 to 79 of local law, which correspond to those of the Civil Code as amended by Match January 1, 1900.

literature

in order of appearance

  • Eugène-Albéric Naville: Les congrégations religieuses et la loi française du 1er juillet 1901 . Henry Kündig, Geneva 1903.
  • Georges Piot: Comment et pourquoi s'associer? Étude de la loi du 1er juillet 1901 et de ses principales applications . Action populaire, Reims 1905.
  • C.-L. Bayon: La loi du 1er juillet 1901 relativement aux congrégations. Caractère et application en droit international . L. Larose, Paris 1912.
  • Robert-André-Pierre Brichet: L'évolution de la loi du 1er juillet 1901 sur le contrat d'association . V. Heintz, Alger 1943.
  • Jean-François Merlet: Une grande loi de la Troisième République. La loi du 1er juillet 1901 . Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence (LGDJ), Paris 2001.
  • Jacqueline Lalouette, Jean-Pierre Machelon (eds.): Les congrégations hors la loi? Autour de la loi du 1er juillet 1901 Letouzey & Ané, Paris 2012, ISBN 2-7063-0222-4 .

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