conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is a factor-analytically determined personality trait (see personality ) in differential psychology . It describes the degree of self-control , accuracy, and determination that is inherent in a person.
description
Together with the extraversion , the tolerance , the openness and the neuroticism it forms the Big Five .
In psychology, there are six sub-characteristics (facets) of conscientiousness: competence , orderliness , conscientiousness of duty , striving for achievement , self-discipline and prudence .
The degree of conscientiousness is diagnosed using lists of adjectives or personality tests such as the NEO-FFI or the Bochum inventory for job-related personality descriptions .
Most personality researchers today hold the view that conscientiousness is at the same time the product of a motivating and a disciplining psychological force. Motivating, because such people can concentrate fully on a job, and disciplining, because they can ascetically block enticing distractions .
Measurement
The NEO-PI-R developed by Costa and McCrae in 1985 is still the most common today ; This comprises 240 statements (items) for external or self-assessment on a 5-point rating scale.
Adjectives like neat , precise , clean , organized , careful , responsible , reliable , considered and conscientious " load " positively on the conscientiousness factor, whereas careless , careless and imprecise have a negative effect. Conscientious people are aware of the responsibility of their tasks and work purposefully and decisively towards their goals.
Related to perfectionism
According to the theory of the psychiatrist and neuroscientist Raphael Bonelli the conscience is a functional Perfection aim, while the perfection represents a dysfunctional perfection struts. The psychodynamic difference between conscientiousness and perfectionism is that the former is intrinsically motivated as healthy striving , the latter extrinsically . The more fear there is, the higher the neuroticism factor and the more extrinsic the inner motivation .
Like Bonelli, Stumpf and Parker also emphasize a strong connection between perfectionism and the Big Five . Functional perfectionism facets such as high personal standards and organization correlate with conscientiousness. In contrast, dysfunctional facets such as performance-related doubts and error sensitivity correlate with neuroticism.
Further clinical context
Among the 5 main factors of personality, self-assessed conscientiousness is the best predictor of superior judgment about professional success. Conscientious people are rated better by their trainers in psychological studies, have an objectively better output at the workplace, show better team behavior, show higher performance and better leadership skills. You are more motivated in setting goals, look ahead more carefully, and proceed more thoughtfully and efficiently.
Conscientiousness increases with adulthood. For highly intelligent children in the Terman Study , low conscientiousness was a risk factor for earlier death.
Conscientiousness and extraversion are the essential personality traits that influence group performance.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e R. M. Bonelli: Perfectionism: When the should become a must. Pattloch-Verlag, Munich 2014, p. 62ff.
- ^ H. Stumpf, WD Parker: A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. In: Personality and Individual Differences. 28 (2000), pp. 837-852.
- ^ Jens B. Asendorpf, Franz J. Neyer: Psychology of Personality . Jumper; Edition: 5th, completely revised. 2012 edition (November 27, 2012). ISBN 978-3642302633 . Page 170
- ^ Jens B. Asendorpf, Franz J. Neyer: Psychology of Personality . Jumper; Edition: 5th, completely revised. 2012 edition (November 27, 2012). ISBN 978-3642302633 . Page 317
- ^ Jens B. Asendorpf, Franz J. Neyer: Psychology of Personality . Jumper; Edition: 5th, completely revised. 2012 edition (November 27, 2012). ISBN 978-3642302633 . Page 330