GorLag

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GorLag was a special camp of the MWD for political prisoners . These special bearings with strict regime were in the post-war period from 1948 through the Ministry of Interior MWD created (ex. NKVD) specific equipment generally gulag system in the Soviet Union .

designation

GorLag, Russian Горлаг , was originally called Ossoblag No. 2 , d. H. Special camp No. 2 (from особый лагерь № 2, особлаг № 2 ). GorLag comes from Горный ла́герь (Gornyj), d. H. Mountain camps , mining camps ; These designations for the originally numbered special bearings were only assigned later and mostly randomly, as a kind of code, mostly without any reference to reality. The code name Горный was then the telegraph code of the camp, which was assigned to the camp on May 10, 1948.

GorLag, sometimes also called BergLag, should not be confused with special camp No. 5 BerLag (also: Uferlager).

History, activity

The GorLag camp was founded on February 28, 1948 on the basis of Decree No. 00219 of the Ministry of Interior MWD of February 21, 1948, on the site and from parts of the NorilLag camp (Norilsk ITL ), which had existed since 1935; the head of the NorilLag was also commissioned to set up GorLag. The camp was located near the city of Norilsk in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory . From February 28, 1948, the camp was subordinated to the main administration GULAG of the MWD, from around March 17, 1950 to the main administration of the iron ore and steel industry of the Ministry of the Interior (GULGMP des MWD), from March 28, 1953 to the main administration for prisons of the MWD (GTU des MWD), from February 8, 1954 again the GULAG of the MWD. GorLag was dissolved on June 25, 1954 when it was merged with the NorilLag camp. (NorilLag was then liquidated in 1956.)

At first there were mainly prisoners from NorilLag in the GorLag, but later numerous so-called "contingents" of other prisoners were added. The highest number of prisoners - 20,218 people - was recorded on January 1, 1952. GorLag had eight camp departments, including the women's department (No. 6) and the detention labor camp (No. 3) as well as the two camps Kupjez and Kossoi.

The prisoners of the GorLag camp were deployed for work in the field of iron ore extraction, coal pits and coal mining, construction of iron and steel works, road construction, also brickworks, cement works; It is worth mentioning the establishment of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine “A. P. Zawenjagin ".

1953 uprising

Between June and August 1953 riots broke out in the GorLag camp, which went down in history as the Norilsk uprising and, together with the Vorkuta uprising and the Kengir uprising, was one of the three major uprisings in Soviet special camps and is in some places the longest , most comprehensive and bloodiest of them all. According to the Memorial portal (Memorial.krsk.ru), the GorLag insurgents were not supported by the NorilLag inmates.

The uprising, which was eventually suppressed by force of arms, had numerous victims. The estimates speak of up to 100 dead and a large number of wounded.

Occupant Numbers

The number of prisoners was:

  • January 1, 1949 - 14,936 prisoners
  • January 1, 1950 - 17,424
  • Jan. 1, 1951 - 19,186
  • Jan. 1, 1952 - 20,218
  • Jan. 1, 1953 - 20,167
  • Jan. 1, 1954 - 15.0617
  • Aug. 1, 1954 - 15,082

The originally planned occupancy provided for a maximum of 15,000 prisoners; this was set at 18,000 prisoners in July 1949.

Known inmates

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Vladimír Bystrov: Únosy československých občanů do Sovětského Svazu v letech 1945–1955 (kidnapping of Czechoslovak citizens in the Soviet Union 1945–1955). Edition Svědectví , ed. from Úřad dokumentace a vyšetřování zločinů komunismu ÚDV, an institution of the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, Prague 2003, 343 pages, ISBN 80-7312-027-5 , online at: szcpv.org / ... , section Gorlag, p. 258.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Д.Шкапов: ГОРНЫЙ ЛАГЕРЬ . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) memo.ru / ... ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Dmitri Schkapow: Mountain camp . Online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...
  3. ↑ Приказ МВД СССР № 00219 “Об организации особых лагерей МВД” (Ordinance No. 00219 on the organization of special storage facilities of the MWD). Online at: alexanderyakovlev.org / ...
  4. ↑ a b c AJ Rublewoj (compilation of the material): From the history of the camp formations on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Norillag, Osoblag NO 2 (Gorlag), Kraslag. Biographies of famous people - prisoners of the Norillag and Kraslag. Material of the portal Memorial Krasnoyarsk, online at: memorial.krsk.ru / ...
  5. ^ Anne Applebaum : The Gulag . Siedler Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-88680-642-1 . (From the English.) Cf. in particular pp. 514 and 516ff.
  6. ^ Siegfried Jenkner : “The bacillus of freedom wanders across the GULAG archipelago” - strikes and uprisings in Soviet forced labor camps . Documents from the Memorial.de portal, online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...

Web links

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