Government of the National Convention

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The Government of the National Convention ( Arabic حكومة الوفاق الوطني, DMG Ḥukūmat al-Wifāq al-Waṭanī , GNA or Libyan Political Agreement / Libyan Political Agreement (LPA ) is the internationally recognized official government of Libya and thus one of two currently ruling governments in the country. The GNA, supported by the United Nations , rules with its transitional government over Tripolitania in the west of the national territory. Fajes Sarradsch has been its president since March 2016 . It formed the military organization Libyan Army from the former Libyan armed forces .

The national government is also receiving support from Turkey , the former colonial power Italy and Qatar . The government is being opposed by the anti- parliament (council of deputies ) in Tobruk and its general Khalifa Haftar , who is supported by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping .

history

After the death of Muammar al-Gaddafi in 2011, civil war broke out between various factions in Libya . Tribal associations, religious groups and rebel general Khalifa Haftar fought each other. An election was held in June 2014, the result of which was not recognized by some political groups, partly because of the low turnout. Further fighting ensued and a government in al-Baida under Abdullah Thenni with a parliament in Tobruk and an Islamist counter-government in Tripoli vied for power. International mediation and long explorations by UN mediators led to the Skhirat conference in Morocco in December 2015 , at which the establishment of the Government of the National Convention (GNA) was agreed. In March 2016, the government established itself with Fayiz al-Sarradsch as Prime Minister. Recognition by the UN Security Council and most of the international community followed shortly afterwards, although the government did not yet effectively control large parts of the country.

The main military and political opponent since the formation of the GNA has been the opposing parliament (Council of Representatives ) in Tobruk under Khalifa Haftar . This is supported politically and militarily by Russia and China. A number of states also have geopolitical interests in the region and so Haftar is supported by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as well as by neighboring Egypt, as well as Jordan and Saudi Arabia.

Geopolitical classification

The internationally recognized government of Sarraj and the militias allied with it are sponsored by Turkey , the former colonial power Italy and the Emirate of Qatar . Turkey supplies weapons and supports the GNA with troops and transfers fighters of the Free Syrian Army from Syria to Libya.

Libya and the GNA area is an important transit country for refugees from Africa en route to the European Union . The GNA Coast Guard receives EU support in holding back the refugees . Ever since journalists revealed a form of slave trade in camps for migrants in 2017, dealing with people has become the focus of reporting.

After Haftar's troops had pushed the GNA associations back to Tripoli and controlled most of the country, Turkey intervened more on the GNA side in 2019 and Haftar's fighters were pushed back to the east of the country in 2020. In the summer of 2020, in response to the Turkish presence in Libya, there were fears that Egypt would intervene more strongly in the civil war, whose government is in dispute with Turkey since the Turkish-backed Islamist Mohammed Morsi was ousted as president by the Egyptian military in 2013 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ S / PRST / 2017/26 - E - S / PRST / 2017/26. Retrieved February 21, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Foreign Office: Libya: Overview. Retrieved February 21, 2020 .
  3. ↑ "Libyans vote for new parliament" aljazeera.com from June 25, 2014
  4. ↑ "Libyans mourn rights activist amid turmoil" aljazeera.com from June 26, 2014
  5. ↑ a b c "International recognition of a Libyan" government of national unity "in the context of the EUNAVFOR MED operation to combat smugglers in Libyan territorial waters" WD 2 - 3000 - 061/16 German Bundestag, Scientific Service, 2016
  6. ↑ "UN welcomes 'historic' signing of Libyan Political Agreement" UN.org of December 17, 2015
  7. ^ Morgan Hekking: "Greek FM Commends Morocco's Conflict Resolution Efforts in Libya" moroccoworldnews.com of January 16, 2016
  8. ↑ a b Dominik Peters, DER SPIEGEL: Libya: Who fights against whom - DER SPIEGEL - Politics. Retrieved June 10, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Anna-Sophie Schneider, Maximilian Popp, Christina Hebel, DER SPIEGEL: Putin and Erdogan in the Libya conflict: masters of war and peace - DER SPIEGEL - politics. Retrieved January 16, 2020 .
  10. ↑ dba: Libya: Doctors Without Borders speaks of a new wave of refugees. January 16, 2020, accessed January 16, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Casey Quackenbush: "The Libyan Slave Trade Has Shocked the World. Here's What You Should Know" time.com of December 1, 2017
  12. ^ "Egyptian dilemma in Libya increases as GNA advances" theafricareport.com of June 15, 2020