Grand Strategy
The English term Grand Strategy ( French : stratégie générale ) describes the overall strategy of a state in the German-speaking area against the background of its foreign and security policy goals, taking into account its political, military and economic possibilities.
Use of terms
Under Grand Strategy is loud Joachim Krause , the directionality of foreign and security policy usually understood as a country that based queries on an analysis of international constellation according to the principal problems and dangers and which alone or in cooperation with other actors action and instruments of political or military Nature determined. The American political scientist Peter D. Feaver defines Grand Strategy as "the art of reconciling ends and means" (the art of reconciling goals and means).
The conscious planning and the explicit execution of a grand strategy is primarily attributed to political systems with hegemonic and imperial characteristics and claims and a certain coherence of the interests of their elites, for example the Roman Empire , the Chinese Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the British Empire and the United States . Stephen M. Walt , for example, ascribes the status of a grand strategy to the American containment policy , with which the United States wanted to prevent both a war with the Soviet Union and at the same time its territorial expansion .
According to Herfried Münkler , there is no conceptual German equivalent to Grand Strategy , the translation as a higher strategy does not fully capture the meaning of the term, but it is happier to name it as an overall strategy . Sebastian Enskat thinks a translation is most useful as an overall or guiding strategy . Cornelia Beyer translates literally into large-scale strategy , as does Wiebke Schröder.
literature
- Paul Kennedy (Ed.): Grand strategies in war and peace . Yale University Press, New Haven 1991, ISBN 0300049447 (English).
- Edward Luttwak : The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire , Johns Hopkins University Press : Baltimore, Maryland 1979, ISBN 0801821584 (English).
- Edward Luttwak: The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire , The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts and London 2009, ISBN 0674035194 (English).
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Helmut Schmidt : A grand strategy for the West. The anachronism of national strategies in an interdependent world. Yale University Press, New Haven 1985, ISBN 0300035357 (English).
- Helmut Schmidt: A strategy for the west . From the American by Hildegard Möller, 5th edition, Siedler, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-88680-184-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joachim Krause : In Search of a Grand Strategy. The German security policy since reunification, in: IP, Journal of the German Society for Foreign Policy , August 2005, p. 16, online , PDF, accessed on December 19, 2015.
- ↑ a b Sebastian Enskat, strategy , in: ders. And Carlo Masala (eds.), Internationale Sicherheit. An introduction . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-02369-0 , pp. 61–98, here p. 85.
- ↑ cf. Walt, Stephen M .: The Case For Finite Containment , in: International Security , Volume 14, Number 1, Summer 1989, p. 5
- ↑ Herfried Münkler , On the relationship between political and military strategy , in: Joachim Raschke and Ralf Tils (eds.), Strategy in Political Science. Contours of a new field of research. Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17066-4 , pp. 45–74, here p. 62, note 23.
- ↑ Cornelia Beyer, Notes on Combating Terrorism , in: Thomas Kron and Melanie Reddig (eds.), Analyzes of transnational terrorism. Sociological Perspektiven , Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-531-15412-1 , pp. 59–83, here p. 75.
- ^ Wiebke Schröder: Between the USA and the People's Republic of China. Interests and preferences of German companies. Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17030-5 , p. 41.