Cultivator
The cultivator ( English to grub 'dig') is an agricultural device for non-turning soil cultivation , which is used to loosen and crumble the soil as well as to control weeds and incorporate humic materials into the soil. Small forms of garden tools (with movable knife-like wheels or three prongs on a handle) are also known as cultivators.
- In the milder, original design styles it is also Feingrubber, cultivator or Krümler called. The predominant area of application in seedbed preparation is described below.
- In combination with harrows and other tillage implements, cultivators are used as a seedbed combination for seedbed preparation.
- In combination with sowing and planting machines, cultivator shares are also attached to direct and mulch sowing machines.
- The heavy- duty cultivator is the robust further development of the cultivator . This can loosen the arable soil without any preparatory work , a procedure in connection with tillage without a plow .
history
The cultivator is the mechanization of the sow tooth ( derived from the hook-shaped digging stick ), or from karst and krail . From the middle of the 19th century, the cultivators were manufactured using a rigid construction. The draft, the working width and the number of tines were limited due to the low pulling force of the draft animals. The cultivator was used from the start to save plowing work. It served to loosen the winter furrow in spring or, on weed-free arable land, to prepare the seedbed for spring crops. In regions with sandy soils, it was also used for stubble cultivation and seedbed preparation for summer catch crops.
With the beginning of mechanization, very different types of cultivators were developed from 1900. Spring tines - and, in newer versions, tines attached to hydraulic cylinders - replaced the tines that were originally secured by shear bolts and were rigidly attached to the frame.
tasks
- The cultivator (= light spring tine cultivator) loosens up plowed arable land that has been compacted after the winter dormancy or heavy rainfall and can therefore no longer be appropriately cultivated with a harrow . It replaces the previously common practice in many places, the repeated plowing of the field after the winter .
- When applying liquid manure or liquid manure to the plowed field, harrows are often not enough to properly incorporate these fertilizers. In these cases, a cultivator with a sufficiently large tine spacing is an ideal tool.
- As part of a seedbed combination for preparing an optimal seedbed, the cultivator is used to tear up and loosen the top soil layer. The following devices, mostly inclined rod roller harrows (Krümler) or also seed harrows, continue to crumble the loosened soil and press it down to the sowing depth in order to prepare the necessary ground fault for the seed to be introduced. The depth of the cultivator part of the combination is limited in such a way that plowed material does not come back to the surface
- The cultivator can also be used as a stubble cultivator on light soils . However, it is necessary to remove the straw for this .
- Broadening firebreaks and comparable projects.
literature
- Udo Bols: Agricultural implements for tractors in earlier times . Verlag Podszun-Motorbücher GmbH, Brilon, ISBN 978-3-86133-441-5
- Agriculture: Volume 3 - Agricultural engineering and construction . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich, ISBN 3-405-14349-7
- Bodo Frahm: BGJ Agricultural Economics. 4th edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1980, 1991, p. 116 ff., ISBN 3-8001-1049-0
- Wilhelm Martin: Handbook of Agriculture. Publishing house Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1895.
