Grupo Grimm

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Grupo Grimm (1888) lithograph by Angelo Agostini

O Grupo Grimm , English the Grimm group and German, the group Grimm called, was a group of artists , never wore in Brazil, which has never been formally established to their short duration of action between about 1883 and early 1885 that name and therefore also not formally dissolved. Nevertheless, it was extremely important for the opening of traditionalist Brazilian painting to modernism. It was named posthumously by cultural researchers who wanted to summarize and classify the impact and influence of the members.

Johann Georg Grimm

View from Rio to Niteroi today
the Museu de Arte Contemporanea on the left
Icaraí beach in the Niterói district , view of Rio

The German landscape painter Johann Georg Grimm (* 1846; † 1887), who came to Brazil in August 1877 , exhibited at a public art exhibition in March 1882 with his pictures, which he had mainly created on his travels through the Mediterranean region from 1872–1877 Sociedade Propagadora das Belas Artes was carried out in the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios in Rio de Janeiro, caused a sensation. Due to the tremendous success and the intervention of the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II , he received a visiting professorship at the vacant Chair for Landscape Painting at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts (Academia Imperial de Belas Artes, AIBA) in Rio de Janeiro. Grimm began his classes in June 1882, gathering students who later grew into a brilliant generation of painters in Brazilian art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Open air versus studio painting

Grimm's teaching and painting style “ en plein air ” contrasted with the traditional studio painting of the AIBA art college. Constant arguments with the academy management and his conservatively oriented colleagues were the result. When his efforts to get a permanent position as professor were rejected, he resigned in mid-1884. With him his most loyal classmates left the academy and moved to the beach of “ Boa Viagem ” (hence also Escola da Boa Viagem ) in Niterói and continued the studies of open-air painting under the guidance of the master . Levy describes this episode as the high point in the history of "Grupo Grimm".

Escola da Boa Viagem

In August 1884, shortly after leaving the AIBA, Grimm and his disciples had an overwhelming success with their works at the most important art exhibition of the time of the monarchy, the Exposição Geral de Belas Artes. In addition to Grimm, who received the first gold medal, almost all members of the "Grupo Grimm" were given gold medals and honorable mentions.

The group worked on the beaches in Niterói for about half a year and then in January / February 1885 for the last time in the mountains of Teresópolis (hinterland of the state of Rio de Janeiro).

Then the circle of artists dissolved. Grimm himself again traveled to the state of Minas Gerais for various commissioned works. His students went their own way.

Members

The artistic core of "O grupo Grimm" consisted of Grimm's students, who later became famous in the Brazilian art scene and beyond:

The later still life specialist Estêvão Silva and Thomas Georg Driendl were also closely connected to the group in a friendly and active manner . The latter also came from Bavaria and supported Grimm organizationally while he belonged to the artistic core and represented the “master” when he was absent. He later worked successfully as an architect in Rio.

  • Johann Georg Grimm 1888 by Angelo Agostini

  • Antônio Parreiras 1913

  • Giovanni Battista Castagneto 1880, by Estêvão Silva

  • Domingos García y Vásquez

  • Hipólito Boaventura Caron

  • Joaquim José da Franca Júnior

  • Estêvão Silva 1891

  • Thomas Georg Driendl

effect

"This 'Grupo Grimm' was soon opinion leaders in the Brazilian art scene and set significant accents for painting in Brazil in the last quarter of the 19th century."

- W. Gunther Le Maire 2006 : Johann Georg Grimm and Brazil's painting

“For numerous reasons the formation of the Grimm group became one of the most important events in the development of Brazilian art during the Second Empire. Although many other German artists stayed in Brazil in the course of the 19th century […], no other European could influence the history of art in Brazil as strongly as Johann Georg Grimm . "

- Carlos Roberto Maciel Levy 2009 : Grimm, Johann Georg. Entry in the general artist lexicon

literature

  • Carlos Roberto Maciel Levy : O Grupo Grimm: Paisagismo Brasileiro no Século XIX. (The Grimm group: Brazilian landscape painting in the 19th century), Análise critica e biografica de Johann Georg Grimm (1846–1887) e outros, Ed. Pinakotheke, Rio de Janeiro, October 1980, PPN 266955371 in the web link BAM (Portuguese)
  • Carlos Roberto Maciel Levy: Grimm, Johann Georg. Entry in the general artist lexicon (formerly Thieme-Becker artist lexicon) KG Saur-Verlag, Munich / Leipzig 2009, pp. 273–274 (German)
  • W. Gunther le Maire: Johann Georg Grimm (1846-1887). Artist career between Allgäu and Brazil. Biography and exhibition catalog. Verlag J. Eberl, Immenstadt im Allgäu, 2006, ISBN 978-3-920269-33-7 .
  • Antônio Parreiras: A história de um pintor (contada por ele mesmo). (German: "The story of a painter (told by himself)."), 1926 (Portuguese)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e see literature Carlos Roberto Maciel Levy: Grimm, Johann Georg. Entry in the general artist lexicon
  2. ↑ see web link Grupo Grimm in Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural
  3. ↑ see web link W. Gunther Le Maire 2006: Johann Georg Grimm and Brasiliens Malerei
  4. ↑ see weblink matriculation database of the Academy of Fine Arts Munich
  5. ↑ see web link Art Encyclopedia: (Johann) Georg Grimm