HQ-2

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HQ-2

HQ-2 missiles on display in the outdoor area of ​​the Chinese Aviation Museum (2008)
HQ-2 missiles on display in the outdoor area of ​​the Chinese Aviation Museum (2008)

General Information
Type Surface-to-air guided missile system
NATO designation CSA-1, CSA-2
Country of origin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Manufacturer China Academy of Defense Technology (CADT), then as "2nd Space Academy"
development 1960s
Commissioning 1966
Working time in service
Technical specifications
length 10.649 m
diameter Booster: 0.65 m
Rocket: 0.5 m
Drive
First stage
Second stage
Solid
rocket engine. Liquid propellant rocket engine
speed 1,150 m / s
Range 12 - 32 km
Service ceiling 12 - 32 km
Furnishing
steering Inertial navigation platform
Target location Radar target tracking with radio command steering
Warhead 190 kg
Detonator Proximity and impact fuses
Weapon platforms Vehicles (trailers, TEL)
Lists on the subject

HQ-2 or Hóng Qí-2 ( Chinese  紅旗 -2  /  红旗 -2 , Pinyin Hóng Qí-2 , in German: Rote Fahne -2 ) is a medium / long -range surface-to-air missile system used in the People's Republic of China was developed and is still used occasionally by the People's Liberation Army today. It is a modified version of the Russian S-75 anti-aircraft missile system "Dvina" , which was bought by the PRC.

Development history

The Soviet S-75 surface-to-air missile system (SA-2 Guideline) was introduced into the armed forces of the USSR in 1956 and was successfully used in the fight against US aircraft that entered Soviet airspace without permission. Due to this positive operational experience, the People's Republic of China procured a limited number of Soviet S-75 missiles at the beginning of 1960, and a license for license production was obtained. These were the most modern anti-aircraft equipment of the People's Liberation Army . Shortly after its introduction, Chinese S -75s were able to successfully fight various Taiwanese and US-American spy planes of the types RB-57D and U-2 . Against the background of the Sino-Soviet rift in the 1960s, the USSR discontinued its cooperation with the People's Republic of China. From then on, the domestic production of the S-75 took place under the designation HQ-1 . After the USA had equipped their reconnaissance aircraft with ECM technology , the HQ-1 anti-aircraft missiles lost their effectiveness and further development was urgently required. In 1966, the HQ-2 was finally introduced. In the decades that followed, the HQ-2 missiles were continuously improved and are still in use today in combination with modern radar systems .

functionality

The HQ-2 system consists of two-stage radar-guided missiles, an early warning radar P-12 (NATO code name: Spoon Rest) with a range of up to 275 km and two fire control radars of the types SJ-202 Gin Sling A and the 2FA (B) Gin Sling B , which are copies of the Soviet RSNA-75 (NATO code name: Fan Song), range 60–145 km. A ground station picks up the target using radar and directs the rocket using radio commands . The guidance system in the original version could probably only capture one target at a time and fight with up to three missiles. In order to avoid evasive maneuvers by the pilot, an interval of several seconds was usually chosen between the starts. The rockets are transported using a trailer pulled by a 6 × 6 truck. Typically, a position consists of six rocket launchers, each with a rocket, which are arranged hexagonally at a distance of about 100 m. In the middle are the radar and control systems and up to 18 other missiles for reloading. Depending on the speed of the approaching target and the resulting "encounter time", the fragmentation zone of the warhead can be varied towards the front, side or rear. The ignition is carried out by a radio-electronic proximity fuse. The destruction of the target itself is caused by the parts of the fragmentation casing of the 190 kg warhead flying with high kinetic energy.

Versions

  • HQ-1 : License production of the Soviet S-75.
  • HQ-2 : Original version.
  • HQ-2A (HongQi 2A) : Development work on the HQ-2A version began in 1973. Experience with the S-75 during the Vietnam War had a significant influence on this version. In particular, the vulnerability to ECM measures should be minimized and the fight against lower-flying air targets should be improved. A total of 144 modifications were made, including an electro-optical TV target steering added. Series production took place in 1984.
  • HQ-2B (HongQi 2B) : The Sino-Vietnamese war promoted the idea of mobilizing the HQ-2, which up to now, like the S-75 in the Warsaw Pact , had been designed as a stationary air defense system. On a track-driven chassis type WXZ204 the found gun carriage with the anti-aircraft missile.
  • HQ-3 (HongQi 3) : Designed in the 1960s to counter modern US spy aircraft such as the Lockheed SR-71 . After the generally disappointing test results, there was no series production.
  • HQ-4 (HongQi 4) : Modernization project for existing "HongQi 1 / S-75" missiles; Similar in concept to the HQ-3. The project was ultimately not pursued any further.
  • TuQiang 2 : target display drone .
  • M-7 : surface-to-surface missile that was developed from the HQ-2 and was given the designation "Project 8610". According to reports, this version of the rocket was sold to Iran (local name: Tondar 69 ) and North Korea under the export name M-7 in the 1980s .

Technical specifications

The following data is known for the versions HQ-2, HQ-2A, HQ-2B and M-7.

HQ-2 HQ-2A HQ-2B M-7
Length of the rocket 10.649 m 10.8 m 10.8 m
2nd stage diameter 0.5 m
1st stage diameter 0.65 m
Takeoff mass 2,211 kg 2,326 kg 2,650 kg
Service ceiling 12-32 m 1–27 m 0.5-27 m -
Range 12-32 km 8-34 km 7-34 km 150 km
Top speed 1,150 m / s 1,200 m / s 1,250 m / s unknown
Warhead 190 kg high explosive 250 kg high explosive
Percentage hit probability against air targets 68% 73% 92% -

Users

Web links

Commons : HQ-2  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b George G. Eberling: China's Bilateral Relations with Its Principal Oil Suppliers. Lexington Books. October 23, 2017. p. 63
  2. ↑ ausairpower.net: PLA Missile Systems vs Engagement and Acquisition Radars (English)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k sinodefence.com: HongQi 2 Surface-to-Air Missile System (English)
  4. ↑ a b globalsecurity.org: HQ-1 (china)
  5. ↑ Canberra: The Operational Record, Robert Jackson, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Carlo Kopp: PLA Area Defense Missile Systems. November 2014, accessed on March 29, 2019 .
  7. ↑ a b missilethreat.csis.org: Tondar 69 (English)
  8. ↑ a b SIPRI - Trade Registers China (English)