Hague Alliance (1625)
The Hague Alliance was an anti- Habsburg alliance between Denmark , England and the United Netherlands as well as some Protestant imperial estates concluded on December 19, 1625 during the Thirty Years' War in The Hague . The alliance came at the urging of the Palatine Elector Friedrich V, who was driven into exile, and with the support of the French King Louis XIII. conditions. The alliance finally turned the war into a pan-European conflict.
Frederick V had previously hoped to achieve the reconquest of his lost electorate through a larger anti-Habsburg coalition. The war aims of the Hague Alliance then concentrated primarily on northern Germany. England and the Netherlands agreed to support the Danish King Christian IV in his campaign against the Imperialists.
In the end, however - apart from support payments (for example to Ernst von Mansfeld ) and the blockade of Hamburg (to prevent the arms trade with Spain) - there was no significant cooperation between Denmark and its allies. The latter were fully occupied by the war against Spain and, in the case of England, paralyzed domestically by the conflict between the King and Parliament, and so could not provide any serious support. The Danish-Lower Saxon army was defeated at Lutter a good six months later .
The ineffective alliance finally failed in 1627 when England waged war against previous supporters France. In 1629 the defeated Denmark withdrew from the war with the Treaty of Lübeck , a year later England made peace with Spain and withdrew from all continental European military conflicts.
Individual evidence
- ^ Luise Schorn-Schütte: Confessional Wars and European Expansion: Europe 1500–1648 , CH Beck, 2010, p. 138
- ↑ Benigna von Krusenstjern , Hans Medick (ed.): Between everyday life and catastrophe: The Thirty Years War from close by, 1999, p. 110