Habhi

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Habhi is a country in northern Mesopotamia . It is mentioned, among other things, on the Yoncalı inscription of the Assyrian ruler Tiglat-pileser I (1114 to 1076 BC), who here describes himself as the conqueror of Nairi from Tumme to Daiaeni , conqueror from Habhi to the "great sea" designated.

"Ka-sid KUR.KUR na-i-ri-tu iš KUR tu-to-mi a- [di] KUR da-ia-ni ka-sid [ KUR ] hab-a-hi di A.AB.BA GAL -te. "

In the time of Adad-nirari II , Habhi was between Hatti , i.e. northeast Syria, and Nairi (KAH II, 83 r. 7; 84 r.). Adad-nirari II reports on a foundation slab from Niniveh (BM 12104) of his victories against Urartri :

"[...] Heroic king who, with the help of his master Aššur, moved from the other bank of the lower Zab to Lulume , Habhi, Zamua , and to the beginning of the land of Namri and who subjugated the vast Qumani as far as Mehri , Salua and Urarti."

After that, the text becomes sketchy; he mentions sacrifices made by the king and other conquests.

Aššur-nâṣir-apli II mentions Habhi in the course of a campaign against the Tur Abdin (Kašiari) in the year 879 BC. He received 300 talents of iron as a tribute from Habhi.

location

Emil Forrer wanted to locate Habhi in Azerbaijan . Lacheman and Maidman see in the name (as well as by Nairi) "a general, often interchangeable [...] name for the areas on the upper Tigris and its tributaries". The Georgian Assyriologist Gregor A. Melik'išvili reads the passage of the Yoncalı stele transcribed with hab-hi as quil-hi (Kilchi) and equates this with the land of Qulha of the Urartian sources and the Colchis of the Greeks. The “Great Sea” would thus correspond to the Black Sea . However, this is very unlikely because of the distances to be covered by the Assyrian army.

Other researchers are looking for Habhi in Tur Abdin and want to equate it with today's Hah ( Anıtlı ). Equating it with the Hyope of Hecataeus of Miletus was also considered.

literature

  • KR Maxwell-Hyslop, HWM Hodges: Three iron swords from Luristan. In: Iraq 28/2, 1966, 164-176.
  • AR Millard: Fragments of historical texts from Nineveh: Middle Assyrian and Later Kings. In: Iraq 32/2, 1970, 167-176.
  • Grigorij A. Melikišvili: Diauechi. In: Vestnik drevnej istorii 4. Moskva 1950, 26–42.
  • Grigorij A. Melikišvili: Nairi-Urartu. Tbilisi 1964, 27-28.
  • HF Russell: Shalmaneser's campaign to Urarṭu in 856 BC and the historical geography of Eastern Anatolia according to the Assyrian sources. In: Anatolian Studies 34, 1984, 171-201.
  • DJ Wiseman: A fragmentary inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III from Nimrud. In: Iraq 18/2, 1956, 117–129.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ DJ Wiseman: A fragmentary inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III from Nimrud. In: Iraq 18/2, 1956, 128
  2. ^ AR Millard: Fragments of Historical Texts from Nineveh: Middle Assyrian and Later Kings. In: Iraq 32/2, 1970, 170
  3. ^ KR Maxwell-Hyslop, HWM Hodges: Three Iron Swords from Luristan. In: Iraq 28/2, 1966, 175
  4. ↑ RLA l, 280
  5. ^ Ernest R. Lacheman, Maynard P. Maidman: Studies on the civilization and culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Eisenbrauns 1995, 21
  6. ↑ Claudia Sagona, Jennifer C. Newton, Elizabeth G. Pemberton, Ian McPhee: Archeology at the north-east Anatolian frontier.