Anıtlı
| Anıtlı | ||||
|
||||
| Basic data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province (il) : | Mardin | |||
| District ( ilçe ) : | Midyat | |||
| Coordinates : | 37 ° 29 ' N , 41 ° 37' E | |||
| Height : | 950 m | |||
| Residents : | 172 (2013) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 482 | |||
| Postal code : | 47 xxx | |||
| License plate : | 47 | |||
| Structure and administration | ||||
| Mayor : | Habib Dogan | |||
Anıtlı ( Aramaic ܚܐܚ Hah , Kurdish Hax ) is a Christian-Aramaic village in the Midyat district of the Mardin province in southeastern Turkey in the Tur Abdin mountain range . The place has about 150 inhabitants and is almost exclusively inhabited by Arameans. The Arameans belong to the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch .
geography
location
The small village of Hah is located in northern Mesopotamia , 30 km northeast of Midyat and about 40 km from the Tigris . Hah is located on a high mountain, in the center of a fertile, hilly landscape surrounded by small forests and high mountains. At the site there is a large field of ruins, some of the buildings of which date from pre-Christian times, but have not yet been systematically researched archaeologically. Other neighboring villages are distributed as follows:
|
Dargeçit 20 km |
||
|
Arıca 24 km |
.svg)
|
|
|
Midyat 30 km |
Haberli 35 km |
İdil 39 km |
climate
The seasons are very distinctive. There is a lot of rainfall in spring and autumn, hot and dry summers, cold and snowy winters. The temperatures fluctuate between −10 ° C in winter to +50 ° C in summer.
population
The area around Hah or Anıtlı is predominantly inhabited by Kurds today, as a large part of the earlier Christian- Aramaic population emigrated. The inhabitants of Hah are still almost exclusively Arameans and call themselves Hahoye . Most of the residents of Anıtlı emigrated to Europe , Australia , Sweden , the Netherlands , Belgium and Austria in the 1980s . In Germany , most of them live in Bietigheim-Bissingen , Heilbronn , Gütersloh , Wiesbaden and Füssen . Only in the last ten years has a certain return migration started; several families now stay in their old homeland for a few months each year, and some have returned permanently.
- In 1870 there were 80 families in Hah
- In 1915 there were 100 families in Hah
- In 1987 there were 42 families in Hah
- In 2002 there were 13 families with 114 inhabitants in Hah
- In 2011 there were again 23 families living in Hah
history
Place name
The place used to be an important regional center. The name Hah may be derived from Habhi (a). The names Habi, Habhi or Habhia already appear at the time of the Assyrian king Aššur-naṣir-apli II. Who called the Aramaic Tur Abdin (Kaschiari) in 879 BC. Attack. However, they denote an area whose location is still controversial. The name is mentioned for the first time in cuneiform in the year 859 BC. On a clay tablet from Nimrud ( Iraq ).
Christian story
The Tur Abdin was probably Christianized early on. Hah was the first diocese in Tur Abdin and from the fourth century (documented since 613) to the nineteenth century it was a bishopric. However, the bishops resided in Dayro da-Slibo (Holy Cross Monastery) for the past three centuries. The last bishop, Timotheos Jacob, killed during the 1915 genocide, directed the diocese from his temporary residence in Kfarboran. To this day the village is almost exclusively inhabited by Christian Arameans.
Genocide 1915
When the Christians in Tur Abdin were attacked in 1915, later known as the Year of the Sword , and large numbers were driven out or killed, Hah, at that time still one of the largest cities in the area, was able to successfully resist: a village leader named Rascho had previously worked in others Informed areas of the attacks and prepared residents by reinforcing the walls of an old building called King Yuhannon's Palace and arming themselves. As a result, Christian residents from surrounding villages fled to Hah, so that finally around 2,000 people, including 250 armed men, defended the city against the attackers. After 45 days of unsuccessful siege, an armistice was finally negotiated with the Kurdish leader Hajo of the Kurtak clan, and Hah was spared.
Economy and Infrastructure
The settlement lies on a fertile plain. Hah / Anıtlı is surrounded by fruit, walnut, almond trees and vineyards. In addition to agriculture, there is also traditional cattle breeding for personal needs. A main road runs through the Tur Abdin from Midyat to Gziro; the roads to almost all the villages are paved.
In addition to the Aramaic school that has existed for centuries, Anıtlı has also had a Turkish school since 1965. The Aramaic community is now looked after by the monk Mushe Gürbüz , the mayor is Habib Dogan . A Turkish military post has existed in Anıtlı since 1986 due to the conflicts with the PKK and the proximity to Syria. Anıtlı has a small medical supply store, but without a doctor, nurses, medical equipment or medication.
Culture, religion and sights
Churches and monasteries
The bishop of the first diocese of Tur Abdin resided here. It was not until 1089 that Tur Abdin was divided into two dioceses, the monastery of Mor Gabriel and Hah. Up to the end of the 14th century, at least 18 bishops resided here one after the other.
Of the 40 earlier churches in the town, 23 have largely been preserved as ruins. The Mor Sobo Cathedral was destroyed by Timur Lenk around 1400 and has been a ruin in the center of the village ever since. Monks lived in the monasteries of Mor Sarkis and Mor Bakos until the 1970s.
Mother of God Monastery
The Mother of God Monastery of Hah is the most important building in the village and a landmark of the Tur Abdin. The monastery church was built during late antiquity , probably through a foundation of the Roman emperor Theodosius II († 450 AD), and expanded under Justinian in the 6th century . The local oral tradition, on the other hand, dates the basic foundations to the time of the birth of Jesus Christ and declares the house of God to be the oldest church in the world: According to legend, twelve wise men stopped here on the way to Bethlehem, but only three of them - the Three Wise Men - Have been chosen to travel on to pay homage to the newborn Savior. On the way back they came back through Hah, bringing with them a robe or diaper of Christ. To share this among the twelve brothers, they burned it, whereupon it turned into twelve gold medals. In remembrance of this, they built the Church for the Mother of God. Over the centuries, other buildings have been built in the Marienkloster. A picture by OH Parry in 1892 still shows the old style of the dome. It represented a square with a conical tip, with columns all around.
The change of the dome top to a hemisphere took place in 1907 by Abbot Yausef, called Uske. The current shape of the dome with a second row of columns and a conical top, on top of which a small dome with a cross, has existed since 1939. The renovation was carried out on the initiative of Abbot Malke Beth Qascho von Hah. The renovation itself was carried out by the Aramaic builder Muqsi Elyas from Midyat .
On the initiative of the villagers, in agreement with Diocesan Bishop Timotheos Samuel Aktaş from Tur Abdin and with the technical help of a group from the University of Lebanon , the community started renovation work on November 4th, 1999.
Well-known clergy
The most famous clergy from Hah were
- Metropolitan Mor Sargis, son of the priest Qar'uno (1508),
- Priest Yeshu Bar Kaylu (1309),
- Priest Saliba Bar Khayrun (1340), renewed the calendar of the Syrian Orthodox Church
- Priest Barsaumo Samoil Dogan, well-known author and teacher in the Syrian Orthodox Church
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento from December 29, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed December 29, 2014
- ↑ David Gaunt, Jan Bet̲-Şawoce, Racho Donef. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I . Gorgias Press LLC, 2006 ISBN 1-59333-301-3 , p. 223
- ^ Dale A. Johnson. Visits of Gertrude Bell to Tur Abdin Lulu.com, 2007 ISBN 0-615-15567-7 , pp. 144f.