Hamburg citizenship

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The Hamburg citizenship regulated by the Middle Ages up to the November Revolution of 1918 as an independent civil rights , the ratio of inhabitants of Hamburg to other citizens and the city of Hamburg.

history

The citizenship of Hamburg came into being at a time when the citizens were granted privileges by city lords . It was a self-supplementing right of self-administration, in which people who already had citizenship passed it on and decided on new admissions. Civil rights were given to children of citizens or persons who had previously gone through a set procedure. Citizenship could only fundamentally Erbgesessene attain that were in possession of a free inheritable property or real property within the city limits. Nobles were not given access to civil rights, as Hamburg's city law had forbidden them to own real estate since 1270. In addition to real estate, the Hamburg citizen oath had to be taken since 1483 . In addition, the payment of a staggered citizen's benefit and, from the Reformation up to 1814, proof of membership of the Evangelical Lutheran Churches was necessary.

Up until the 19th century, a distinction was made between "petty bourgeois" and "upper bourgeois". Upper citizens had to pay a higher citizen's allowance, but were allowed to claim privileges such as the use of the large urban scales and the right to hunt. The "civil powers", including self-employment and the acquisition of real estate, were only possible for holders of civil rights. Men also had the right to political participation in the hereditary citizenry. The majority of the citizens had the minor civil right until 1918, with which fewer rights and duties were associated. Some of them were protective relatives or had rural citizenship rights.

After the passing of the Law on Citizenship and Citizenship of November 7, 1864, citizenship had only a political meaning. It regulated participation in the elections of Hamburg's citizenship and made it difficult for undesirable people to participate politically, in particular members of the SPD . Women still had no right to vote.

In 1880 30,500 of the 454,000 inhabitants had citizenship. In 1896, a fixed tax that had to be paid over several years replaced the citizens' money that had been in effect until then. The acquisition of citizenship required the payment of this tax. After Hamburg had become a “people's state” after the November Revolution of 1918 , citizenship within the framework of citizenship became a general minimum civil privilege. The term “citizenship” has not been used in this form since then. The "civil rights" or "civil rights" are now regulated at federal level or part of the legislation of the federal state of Hamburg, for example in the form of referendums and referendums .

literature