Haram (Yemen)
Haram ( old South Arabic hrm-m , with mimation Haramum ) is an ancient city in northern Jauf in today's Yemen at about 1100 m above sea level. In the north it borders on the Yemeni mountainous country, in the west on the ancient Kaminahu (today's Kamna), in the east on the ancient Qarnawu (today's Ma'in) and in the south on the Ghail or today's village al-Hazm. Haram was a city-state in the early days, but it was already established in the early 7th century BC. BC (according to the so-called Long Chronology ) vassal of the south bordering kingdom of Saba and whose ruler Karib'il Watar I was. In his war against Ausan and the city-states of Naschān and Naschq , the Haramic King Yadhmurmalik supported Saba with an army under the leadership of General Hanbas from the Na Sman clan. The Banat ʿAd temple at the gates of Haram, consecrated to the Haramic god Mutibbnatyan , dates from this period and contains numerous dedicatory inscriptions. Haram lost its importance at the latest with the establishment of the Maʿin Kingdom , of which Qarnawu, only 6 km away, became the capital. After the end of the Minean Empire, it briefly regained importance under Sabaean rule. It is not yet clear when haram was left.
Kings of haram
The order is usually not known.
- Yadhmurmalik together with Watar'il
- Yadhmurmalik together with Bi'athtar (ally of Karib'il Watar I , around 685 BC)
- Watar'il
- Yaschhurmalik Nabat (?)
- Watar'il Dharihan, son of Yadhmurmalik
- Yuhar'il (?)
- Ma'adkarib Raydan, son of Hwtrʿṯt
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Walter W. Müller (ed.) / Hermann von Wissmann : The story of Sabaʾ II. The great empire of the Sabaeans up to its end in the early 4th century BC. Chr. (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Philosophy and history class. Proceedings, Vol 402) published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna, 1982 ISBN 3-7001-0516-9
- ↑ For details see: KA Kitchen: Documentation for Ancient Arabia I, Liverpool 1994, pp. 113-114, 181-182 ISBN 0-85323-359-4
Coordinates: 16 ° 10 ' N , 44 ° 47' E