Urinary obstruction

Classification according to ICD-10
N13.9	Obstructive uropathy and reflux uropathy, unspecified
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The urinary tract obstruction (or urinary obstruction) is a retardation ( obstruction ) of the urinary outflow on the way from the kidney through the bladder into the urethra for urination .

Urinary tract obstruction can lead to pain, urinary tract infections , loss of kidney function , sepsis, or death.

classification

A general distinction is made between

• upper urinary tract obstruction (kidneys, ureters , ureter opening into the urinary bladder)
  • Ureteral discharge
  • Crossing of vessels ( arteria iliaca commonis or arteria iliaca externa )
  • Ureteral mouth
• lower urinary obstruction
  • Urinary bladder including bladder neck ( bladder neck obstruction )
  • infravesical urinary tract obstruction, e.g. B. Urethral valve , urethral stricture

pathology

If the flow obstruction occurs early during the embryonic development , a (urorenal) kidney dysplasia with VUR develops , if it occurs later during pregnancy usually without reflux. Temporary obstruction such as Prune Belly Syndrome or Megazystis Megaureter Syndrome (MCMUS) also leads to the same result. The resulting oligohydramnios occasionally causes pulmonary hypoplasia .

If the flow obstruction does not occur until after birth, the kidneys are normal and have better prospects of recovery.

Classification and causes

A distinction can be made between:

• congenital form (primary obstruction) (in malformations)
  • Ureteral obstruction
  • Ureteral stenosis
  • aberrant vessels ( Fraley syndrome , ureteral stenosis, retrocaval or retroiliac ureter)
  • persistent inferior vena cava
  • Ureteral valves
  • Ureterocele
  • Megaureter
  • ectopic ureter
  • Urethral valve
• acquired form (secondary obstruction), which only becomes apparent in the course of z. B. developed due to stones, tumors, strictures , anatomical abnormalities or inflammation
  • Prostate enlargement
  • Urethral stricture
  • Compression by aneurysm of the abdominal aorta or the common iliac artery
  • Retroperitoneal fibrosis
  • Megaureter
  • Neurogenic bladder

Veterinary medicine

Urinary tract obstruction can also occur in animals, the most common being castrated male cats. The triggers are mostly urinary stones that lead to an obstruction of the urethra.

literature

• W. Schuster, D. Färber (Ed.): Children's radiology. Imaging diagnostics. Vol. II, Springer 1996, ISBN 3-540-60224-0

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} A. Sigel: Urinary obstruction in childhood. In: A. Sigel, R.-H. Ringert (Ed.): Pediatric urology. 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-662-08081-8 (print) / ISBN 978-3-662-08080-1 (e-book), p. 118.
2. ↑ ^{a b} emedicine
3. ↑ B. Gerber: Obstructive urinary tract diseases (cats). In: Emergency Course Animal Hospital Zurich , July 11, 2011 - July 15, 2011 [1]

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !