Helioporacea
| Helioporacea | ||||||||||
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Heliopora coerulea in a private aquarium |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Helioporacea | ||||||||||
| Bock , 1938 |
The Helioporacea are an order of the flower animals (Anthozoa) from the subclass Octocorallia , which today is only represented with five species in today's seas.
features
In contrast to all other octocorals, the Helioporacea, like the not closely related stony corals, produce a massive aragonite skeleton. Otherwise they share the polyp anatomy common in the Octocorallia subclass and the obligatory eight feathered tentacles.
Systematics
The order includes only two families with three genus and eight species.
- Order Helioporacea Bock, 1938
- Family Helioporidae Moseley, 1876
- Genus Heliopora de Blainville, 1830
- Blue coral ( Heliopora coerulea (Pallas, 1776))
- Heliopora hiberniana Richards et al., 2018
- Genus Pseudopolytremacis Kuzmicheva, 1975
- Pseudopolytremacis hanagaensis Kuzmicheva , 1975, Lower Cretaceous , Armenia
- Genus Heliopora de Blainville, 1830
- Family Lithotelestidae Bayer & Muzik, 1977
- Genus Epiphaxum Lonsdale, 1850 ( syn.Lithotelesto Bayer & Muzik, 1977)
- † Epiphaxum auloporoides (Lonsdale, 1850) ( Turonium , Campanium , Maastrichtian , Danium , various localities in Europe)
- Epiphaxum breve Bayer, 1992, Gulf of Mexico, Barbados
- Epiphaxum micropora (Bayer & Muzik, 1977), Barbados
- Epiphaxum septiferum Bayer, 1992, Madagascar
- † Epiphaxum arbuscula Lozouet & Molodtsova, 2008 ( Priabonium , Chattium and Burdigalium , southwest France)
- Genus Epiphaxum Lonsdale, 1850 ( syn.Lithotelesto Bayer & Muzik, 1977)
- Family Helioporidae Moseley, 1876
Phylogeny
The systematic position of the Helioporacea to the other octocorals is controversial. Because of its uniqueness, the group is led in the rank of an order. In a cladistic analysis of octocorals, Heliopora coerulea was identified as the sister species of a clade from sea feathers (Pennatulacea) and the gorgonian family Ellisellidae . The clade formed by these three taxa is the sister group of the Calcaxonia , a suborder of gorgonian-like corals.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ MJ Benton (Ed.): The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London a. a., 1993 ISBN 0-412-39380-8
- ↑ Pierre Lozouet and Tina Molodtsova: Filling a gap: The First occurrences of Epiphaxum (Cnidaria: Helioporacea: Lithotelestidae) in the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene. Palaeontology, 51 (1): 241-250, London 2008. doi : 10.1111 / j.1475-4983.2007.00744.x
- ↑ CS McFadden, SC France, JA Sánchez, P. Alderslade: A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.06.010
literature
- Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collin, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Catherine S. McFadden, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano & Joel L. Stake: The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaka, 1668: 127-182, Wellington 2007 ISSN 1175-5326 Abstract - PDF
- SA Fosså, & AJ Nilsen: Coral Reef Aquarium , Volume 4, Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, ISBN 3-928819-05-4
