Light heather snail
| Light heather snail | ||||||||||||
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Light heather snail |
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| Backeljaia gigaxii | ||||||||||||
| ( L. Pfeiffer , 1850) |
The light heather snail ( Backeljaia gigaxii , synonym: Candidula gigaxii ) is a species of snail of the Geomitridae family from the order of the land snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The pressed-cone-shaped to almost flat case has a height of 4 to 8 millimeters and a width of 6 to 15 millimeters (5.4 to 8.1 × 7.4 to 12.2 mm: Welter Schultes). There are 5 to 5½ slightly arched passages, which are separated from each other by a shallow seam. The corridors are hardly shouldered on the periphery. The inner narrow navel becomes relatively wide due to the last turn and is eccentric. The mouth is rounded and has a weak lip on the inside.
The whitish to slightly brownish or sand-colored housing color is opaque. The surface is fine and striped fairly regularly. In addition, a very faint microsculpture of spiral striae appears; There are no attachment points for hair. A few narrow, interrupted, light brown spiral bands are usually present as a drawing.
Similar species
The whorl snail ( Candidula unifasciata ) has a slightly smaller shell, well-arched, slightly shouldered whorls, and a deep seam. It is also usually more pressed or less conical. The shell of the spotted heather snail ( Candidula intersecta ) has coarser and somewhat more irregular ribs and is more clearly keeled on the periphery.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The range of the species extends over the western and southern France, northwestern Italy (Liguria), Belgium and the western Netherlands. There are isolated locations in Germany (Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia) and southern Spain. It is believed that it was introduced to England and Ireland in Roman times. In Ireland the population there has died out again, and it has also disappeared again from large parts of Wales and southern England. In Germany, the light heather snail continues to spread from the few classic sites, albeit very slowly. According to Markus Pfenninger et al. (2007), the light heather snail from the south of France probably expanded to its present-day distribution area in Roman times.
The light heather snail lives in warm, dry, open locations, mostly on calcareous subsoil. However, it usually does not occur on sand dunes. It lives there close to the ground, but also climbs into the vegetation. The species often occurs even as a pioneer colonist in areas disturbed by humans or ruderal areas.
Danger
The species is classified as not endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources . In contrast, it is considered endangered in Germany. In Lower Saxony it is even rated as threatened with extinction (Welter Schultes).
Taxonomy
The taxon was first scientifically described in 1847 by Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer as Helix caperata var. Gigaxii . For a long time it was placed in the genus Candidula Kobelt, 1871. In 2018, Chueca, Gómez-Moliner, Madeira & Pfenninger introduced the new genus Backeljaia . Helix caperata var. Gigaxii Pfeiffer, 1847 is the type species of the genus Backeljaia. The Fauna Europaea lists the following synonyms: Helix andalusica Kobelt 1882, Helix danieli Bourguignat 1860, Helix heripensis J. Mabille 1877, Helix hispalina Servain 1880, Helix phlomiphila Mabille 1881, Helix ramburi Mabille, 1867, Helix valcourtiana Bourguignat 1880, Helix xenilica Servain 1880, Helix acentromphala Bourguignat 1880 and Helix limatula Locard 1899.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 306/7)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , (p. 208)
- Edmund Gittenberger: On Trochoidea geyeri (Soos, 1926) and some conchologically similar taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). Zoological Mededelingen Leiden, 67 (19): 303-320, Leiden 1993 PDF
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , (p. 246)
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 531)
On-line
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edmund Gittenberger: Digging in the graveyard of synonymy, in search of Portuguese species of Candidula Kobelt, 1871 (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 67 (17): 283-293, 1993, PDF
- Jump up ↑ Heinrich Terlutter: The light heather snail 'Candidula gigaxii' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) new for Westphalia (Moll., Helicidae). Nature and Homeland, 61: 83-84, 2001
- ↑ a b molluscs in and around Rhineland-Palatinate ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nonmarine Mollusca of Schleswig-Holstein (northernmost Germany)
- ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 265)
- ↑ Markus Pfenninger, Carsten Nowak, Frédéric Magnin: Intraspecific range dynamics and niche evolution in Candidula land snail species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 90: 303-317, 2007.
- ↑ Neubert, E. 2013. Candidula gigaxii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T156805A5000226. doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156805A5000226.en .
- ^ Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer: Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volume primum. I-XXXII, pp. 1-484, Lipsiae / Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1848 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 167).
- ↑ LJ Chueca, BJ Gómez-Moliner, MJ Madeira, Markus Pfenninger: Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 118: 357-368, 2018 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.022 (abstract)
- ↑ Fauna Europaea: Candidula gigaxii (Poiret 1801)
