Henschel Hs 132
| Henschel Hs 132 | |
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| Type: | Dive bombers , attack aircraft |
| Design country: | |
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The Henschel Hs 132 was a single - seat, jet - propelled dive bomber made by the manufacturer Henschel Flugzeug-Werke AG in 1945. At the end of the war, one machine was completed and five test models were under construction.
history
Even in the early stages of the German Stukaentwicklung to technicians and physicians thought the machine made of the possibilities the pilot during the flare from the nosedive from excessive G-forces and a possible black-out to protect. In the seated position of the pilot, this occurs with an acceleration of 4 to 5 g lasting more than four seconds . In the lying position (prone position), however, up to 12 g can be tolerated. This also enables smaller support radii.
For the scientific investigation of these phenomena, the German Research Institute for Aviation (DVL) placed orders with the technical flight engineering groups of the TH Stuttgart and the TH Berlin. In 1937, the FFG Stuttgart FS-17 test aircraft was constructed in Stuttgart and successfully tested in 1938. In 1943 the small twin-engine FFG Berlin B9 was built and flown in the Berlin group . The breaking load multiple of the machine should be calculated at 25 g , but only a maximum value of 8.5 g could be flown .
After the Ju 87 dive fighter aircraft had proven to be too slow and therefore vulnerable to anti-aircraft defenses and anti-aircraft guns as the war continued, the Reich Aviation Ministry (RLM) considered a successor model. Decisive for the resumption of the concept were the good previous combat successes of the Ju 87 with point targets. A new pattern was to be developed with the most modern means at the time. The jet engines that are currently being developed should also be used for this purpose. The design department at Henschel set itself the following tasks:
- high horizontal speed
- highest fall speed until just over the target
- smallest dimensions
- as much protection as possible for the pilot
Based on these specifications, the first design work for a small dive fighter with jet propulsion began in early 1944. In addition, deep attacks should also be possible in orbit flight. After wind tunnel tests and because of the good maintenance options, a design similar to the Heinkel He 162 was chosen, in which the engine is arranged on the back of the fuselage. When choosing the lying position of the pilot, one fell back on experience with the B9, whereby the safe load multiple should be 12 g and the fall speed should be 950 km / h. The project was presented to the Technical Office in May 1944, whereupon Henschel received an order for six model aircraft (two Hs 132A and four Hs 132B). The first two machines were to serve as prototypes V1 and V2. The Hs 132B was designed as an attack aircraft or fighter-bomber and accordingly received two MG 151 automatic cannons. The two V-models were to be equipped with the BMW 003 jet engine , while the B-series was to receive the Jumo 004 . The Heinkel HeS 011 was provided for a C series that has already been planned . The Hs 132D with new, slimmer wings was also in an early design stage.
Despite repeated delays due to the relocation of the design office and bomb damage to the subcontractors, the Hs 132 V1 (A) could still be completed in spring 1945. The first flight was scheduled for June 1945. Before the prototype could begin flight tests, however, the machine fell into the hands of the Red Army undamaged. The Hs 132 V2 (A) and V3 (B) were in an advanced stage of construction, the remaining three sample machines were about to be finalized.
construction
The Hs 132 was a cantilever mid-wing, which in all metal - shell construction executed Hull had an almost circular cross-section. In the glazed nose of the fuselage, the pilot was accommodated lying in a bed made of 8 mm thick sheet steel. This also served as an access flap and as protection in case of belly landings. The two-part wings with an aspect ratio of 4.11 had a continuous spar; Transverse walls and ribs were made of steel or light metal, depending on the stress. Because of the required high surface quality, the wings were covered with plywood. Landing flaps and ailerons were designed in a new type of corrugated wood construction, which can be seen as the forerunner of today's honeycomb construction.
The wooden horizontal stabilizer was given a V-position , with end plates as vertical stabilizers attached to its ends. The oars were also constructed in the corrugated wood construction. The nose wheel landing gear had a retractable nose wheel and a main landing gear retracting inward into the wings. The bomb load could be up to 500 kg.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| crew | 1 |
| length | 8.90 m |
| span | 7.19 m |
| height | 2.95 m |
| Wing area | 14.80 m² |
| Wing extension | 4.11 |
| Takeoff mass | 3400 kg |
| Top speed | 780 km / h in 6000 m without a bomb 650 km / h in 6000 m with a bomb |
| Service ceiling | 10,500 m |
| Range | 776 km at 4000 m, 1114 km at 10,050 m |
| Engines | a BMW 003A-1 |
literature
- Hans Redemann: Henschel Hs 132. In Flug Revue, March 1970, p. 59 ff.
- Aviation History Issue 3 - Henschel Hs 132 & DFS 228. link
- without author: curious boxes. In Aero, issue 43/1988
See also
Web links
