Heretia
Heretia is a historical province of Georgia located in the east of the country. Kakheti lies northwest of Heretia and Kartli to the west . In the east it borders on Azerbaijan or, earlier, Caucasian Albania . Its southern border formed over a long period of river Mtkvari .
Antiquity
In ancient times, Heretia was settled by different, primarily Cartelian, tribes. In the 3rd century BC The tribes of Heretia came under the rule of Albania. After its decline, it became part of Iberia in the 5th century and its population merged with that of the rest of Georgia.
middle Ages
After Iberia had become a vassal of the Arabs as an emirate of Tbilisi , the peripheral areas split off one after the other, including Heretia. At the end of the 8th century, Heretia began to break away from the emirate, and in the first half of the 9th century, Heretia subjugated the remainder of Albania. After King Hamam's death, however, the areas to the right of Mtkvari were lost and Kakheti attacked the country several times and was able to annex smaller areas. But the king of Heretia was able to recapture these in the 30s of the 10th century, when Kakheti was devastated by the attacks of the Arabs. In the 60s of the same century, King Ioane Senekerim managed to conquer part of Kakheti. But soon afterwards, when Kakheti was no longer weakened by attacks from outside and the heretic dynasty apparently died out, Kakheti was able to conquer Heretia completely and it was merged into the kingdom of Kakheti-Heretia . With this it became part of the unified Georgian Kingdom from 1008 to 1014 and then again from 1104 .
In 1226 it was occupied by Jalal ad-Din from Khorezmia , and again Georgian in 1230, when the Mongols finally defeated the Khorezm Shah. In 1235, when the Mongols drew closer, the nobility fled west and the country fell into the hands of the Mongols without a fight. It belonged to their empire until it was divided in 1254, then to the Il-Chan empire .
Modern times
After the Mongols finally withdrew from the region in the 15th century, Heretia has belonged to the Kingdom of Kakheti since the 1460s, which united with Kartli in 1727. Weakened by the ongoing Persian invasions at the end of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1801 . 1918–1921 Heretia belonged to a large extent to the Republic of Georgia, 1922–1936 of the Transcaucasian SFSR and 1936–1991 of the Georgian SSR. Since 1991 is part of the province of Kakheti. Smaller eastern areas belong to Azerbaijan.
Ruler
- Sumbat ( Sahil Ibn Sumbat ) (815–840), the first known prince
- Adarnase I (840–865)
- Hamam (865-893)
- Adarnase II ( Adarnase Patrikios ) (897–943)
- Ishkhanik (943-951)
- Johannes ( Ioane Senekerim ) (951–959)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fähnrich, 1993, p. 103 ff.
literature
- Heinz Fähnrich: History of Georgia from the beginnings to Mongol rule . Shaker, Aachen 1993, ISBN 3-86111-683-9 .