Ruler of Jambi
This list of the rulers of the Sultanate of Jambi , which existed in the southern part of the island of Sumatra as a semi-independent state until 1904 and as a resident until Indonesia's independence , includes the respective sultans and, for the colonial period, the Dutch top officials.
Sultans
Oral tradition says that the sultanate was founded in 1460, soon after the flight of the last ruler of Majapahit . Little is known about the rulers before 1800.
The following were chosen by the representatives of the four noble families ( suku ). They all come from the dominant Kraton clan . There was no inevitable succession of a son of the ruler, although this became the rule. The designated Crown Prince ( pangeran ratu ) often had a say. Their claim to power had religious origins and was based on raising people and money (mostly customs duties) in the poorly populated area. The individual districts were administered by nobles. Only at the request of the colonial rulers did the princes since Ahmad Nazar ud-Din take their permanent residence in the capital Jambi.
- 1st generation
- a)? 1790 to? 1811: Masud Badr ud-Din bin Ahmad;
- b) around 1811 to 1821 or 1829: Mahmud Mohildin bin Ahmad (briefly overthrown in 1820)
- 2nd generation
- a) Fachar ud-Din, 1821 or 1829, officially elected in 1833, until † Jan. 1841, comparatively powerless,
- b) Abdulrahman Nazar ud-Din, 1841 to † Aug. 18, 1855, brother of a,
- c) Ahmad Nazar ud-Din, 1858–81
- 3rd generation
- a) Taha Saif ud-Din , son Fachar ud-Din, *? 1833, elected Oct. 1855, around 20 years old. Overthrown by the Dutch military intervention in 1858, remains influential in the background. 18 children up to 1901. Shot as a rebel in April 1904.
- b) Mohildin, son of Abdulrahman; Crown Prince 1855–81, r. 1882-5
- c) Zain ud-Din (= Cakra Negara, brother of Taha, Crown Prince 1881–85, ruled Sep. 1886 to June 1899 forced to resign from the Dutch side, † May 1903)
Anom Kesumo Judo, Taha's younger son, was crown prince 1888–1907.
De facto , Taha, who was in hiding, officiated after 1899. The regent in 1901 was Ario Jaya Kesuma, son of Ahmad Nazar ud-Din. The dynasty came to an end in 1904 with the submission of Marta Ringat by handing over the insignia to the resident OL Helfrich on March 26, 1904, even if the last insurgents were not defeated until 1907.
Colonial rulers
The colonial officials were subordinate to the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies , who had his official seat in Buitenzorg (today: Bogor ) on Java . The dates indicate the assumption of office.
Political Agents
- 1860: JGGH Strengaerts
- 1861: KF Schultze
- 1865: RT van Rhijn
- Dec. 24, 1865: LWA Kessler
- May 27, 1868: L. de Paauw
- Jan. 30, 1871: EDC Middelaer
- April 21, 1873: JH van der Schalk
- Sep 30 1874: FH Broderwijk
- Jan 28, 1875: CA Niesen
- 1881: JW Palm
- 4 Aug 1885: CA Niesen (acting)
- March 8, 1887: AG Valette
- 1891: HJA Raedt van Oldenbarnevelt
- 1895: RLA Hellwig
- 1899: L. Knappert
- 1901: HJA Raedt van Oldenbarnevelt
in the same year the post was abolished.
resident
From 1823 to 1906 the office of resident was co-administered by the respective incumbent in Palembang .
- July 2, 1906: OL Helfrich
- Dec. 2, 1908: AJN Engelenburg
- July 15, 1910: Valley Heyting
- Sep 24 1913: AL Kamerling
- Dec. 3, 1915: HCE Quast
- Feb. 3, 1918: HLC Petri
- March 7, 1923: C. Poortman
- April 1, 1925: GJ van Dongen
- Nov 8, 1928: JRF Verschnoor van Nisse
- Nov. 2, 1931: W. Steinbuch
- June 10, 1933: PJ van der Meulen
- 26 Sep 1936: MJ Ruychaver
- March 31, 1940: J. Reuvers
- March 1942: Japanese military administration
- as civil administrator from late 1945 to 1949: Raden Inoue Kertopati , then about 60 years old son of Sultan Taha.
literature
- De adel van Benkoelen en Djambi; Adatrechtbundel, Vol. 30 (1923), pp. 262-97
- Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth; Sumatran sultanate and colonial state: Jambi and the rise of Dutch imperialism, 1830-1907; Ithaca, NY 2004; Sert .: Studies on Southeast Asia, 37; ISBN 0-87727-736-2