Duke of Medina-Sidonia
The dukes of Medina-Sidonia hold the oldest ducal title in Spain and were thus one of the most prominent magnate families in Andalusia . The most famous of them was Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia , the commander of the Spanish Armada from 1588. The eponymous place is called Medina-Sidonia .
history
The Guzmán family originally owned the Abiados rule on the southern foothills of the Picos de Europa in the province of León . It is believed that the family name is an abbreviation of Gundamaris, son of Gundamar , who - according to an old tradition - is said to have come from Great Britain and as a descendant of Scandinavian invaders, i.e. Vikings , who invaded the north coast of Spain. The family was first mentioned in the 10th century and came to influence in connection with the Reconquista , the Christian reconquest of the peninsula.
Current finds in the family archives question the origin; they rather suggest that Guzmán El Bueno was originally a Muslim who was born across the Strait of Gibraltar (see the Arabic first name Uthman ).
The branch of the family, to which the Dukes of Medina Sidonia belong, comes from Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256–1309), known as "El Bueno", the good, in the sense of brave. In 1296 he defended the city of Tarifa on behalf of King Ferdinand IV of Castile , although he did not submit when he was threatened with killing his son, who was a Muslim captive - and for which he was rewarded with lavish lands from royal property has been. The title of Duke of Medina-Sidonia was given to one of his descendants, Juan Alonzo de Guzmán, Count of Niebla , from King John II in 1445. The addition of "El Bueno" to the name was taken over by the family over time.
Luisa de Guzmán (1613–1666), eldest daughter of the 8th Duke, became Queen of Portugal when her husband Johann, Duke of Braganza , ascended the throne as João IV .
Dukes of Medina Sidonia
- Juan Alonso de Guzmán (1410–1468), 3rd Conde de Niebla, 1445 1st Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ María de la Cerda, Señora de Huelva y de la Isla de Saltés, daughter of Luis de la Cerda, 3rd Conde de Medinaceli ,
- Enrique de Guzmán († 1492), his son, 2nd Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Leonor de Ribera, daughter of Perafán de Ribera, 1st Conde de los Molares
- Juan Alonso de Guzmán (1464-1507), 3rd Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ I Isabel de Velasco, daughter of Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro; ∞ II Leonor de Zúñiga, daughter of Pedro de Zúñiga, 2nd Conde de Bañares
- Enrique de Guzmán († 1512), his son, 4th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ María Girón, daughter of Juan Téllez-Girón (Juan Pacheco), 2nd Conde de Ureña, 3rd Señor de Osuna
- Alváro / Alfonso Perez de Guzmán († 1549), his brother, 5th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Ana de Aragón y Gurrea, illegitimate daughter of Alonso de Aragón, regent of the Kingdom of Aragón
- Juan Alonso de Guzmán († 1559), his brother, 6th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Ana de Aragón, illegitimate daughter of Alonso de Aragón, regent of the Kingdom of Aragón, widow of his brother
- Alonso Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (1549–1615), his grandson, 7th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Ana de Silva, daughter of Ruy Gómez de Silva, 1st Principe di Eboli, 1st Duque de Estremera, 1st Duque de Pastrana
- Juan Manuel Domingo Francisco de Paula Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (1579–1636), his son, 8th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Juana de Sandoval, daughter of Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duque de Lerma
- Gaspar Perez de Guzmán El Bueno († 1664), his son, 9th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ I Ana María de Guzmán, daughter of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno, 8th Duque de Medina Sidonia, his aunt; ∞ II Juana Enríquez de Ribera, daughter of Alfonso Fernández de Córdoba y Figueroa, 5th Duque de Feria
- Gaspar Juan Alonso Perez de Guzmán el Bueno († 1667), his son, 10th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Antonia de Haro y Guzmán, daughter of Luis Méndez de Haro Guzmán y Sotomayor, 1st Duque de Montoro, 4th Duque de Olivares
- Juan Claros Perez de Guzmán el Bueno (1642-1713), his brother, 11th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ I Antonia Pimentel Benavides, daughter of Antonio Alonso Pimentel de Herrera Zúñiga, 11. Conde y 8. Duque de Benavente ; ∞ II Mariana de Guzmán, 3rd Duquesa de Medina de las Torres, daughter of Ramiro Núñez Felípez de Guzmán, 1st Duque de Medina de las Torres
- Manuel Alonso Perez de Guzmán el Bueno (1671–1721), his son, 12th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Luisa María de Silva Mendoza Haro y Guzmán, daughter of Gregorio María Domingo de Silva Mendoza y Sandoval, 5th Duque de Pastrana, 5th Duque de Estremera, 9th Duque del Infantado
- Domingo José Carlos Alonso Perez de Guzmán el Bueno y Silva (1695–1739), his son, 13th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Fenicula María Juana Antonia Dominga Francisca Pacheco y Moscoso, daughter of Mercurio Antonio López Pacheco y Portugal, 9th Duque de Escalona
- Pedro de Alcantara Alonso Perez de Guzmán el Bueno y López Pacheco (1724–1779), his nephew, 14th Duque de Medina Sidonia, Marqués de Aguilar de Campóo ; ∞ Mariana de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, daughter of Manuel María de Silva, 9. Conde de Galve
House Álvarez de Toledo
- Francisco Manuel Joaquín Pedro Juan Andrés Avelino Cayetano Venancio Francisco de Paula Gonzaga Javier Ramón Blas Tadeo Vicente Sebastián Rafael Melchior Gaspar Baltasar Luis Pedro de Alcántara Buenaventura Diego Andrés Apostol Isidro Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga (1756-1796), 15th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ María del Pilar Cayetana de Silva Portugal y Bazán Alvarez de Toledo, 13. Duquesa de Alba de Tormes , Duquesa de Huéscar, Duquesa de Galisteo, Duquesa de Montoro, daughter of Francisco de Paul de Silva Portugal y Alvarez de Toledo, Duque de Huescar , no offspring
- Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga (1763-1821), 16th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Tomasa Josefa Micaela Joaquina Francisca de Sales Juana Nepomuceno Felipa Palafox y Portocarrero, daughter of Felipe Antonio Palafox de Croy Havré Centurión
- Pedro de Alcantara Álvarez de Toledo y Palafox (1803–1867), his son, 17th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ María Joaquina de Silva y Tellez-Girón, daughter of José Gabriel de Silva Bazán y Waldstein, 12th Marqués del Viso
- José Joaquin Álvarez de Toledo y Silva (1826–1900), his son, 18th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Rosalia Caro y Álvarez de Toledo, daughter of Pedro Caro y Salas, 4th Marqués de la Romana
- Joaquin Álvarez de Toledo y Caro (1865–1915), his son, 19th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Rosarío (Rosalia) Caro y Caro, daughter of Carlos Caro y Álvarez de Toledo, Conte di Caltavuturo
- Joaquin Álvarez de Toledo y Caro (1894–1955), his son, 20th Duque de Medina Sidonia; ∞ I María del Carmen Maura y Herrera, daughter of Gabino Maura y Gamazo, Montaner y Abarca, 1st Duque de Maura; ∞ II María de la Concepción García-Faria y Monteys, Robles y Xuriger
- Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo y Maura (1936–2008), his daughter, 21. Duquesa de Medina Sidonia; ∞ Leoncio González de Gregorio y Martí-Arribas, known as La Duquesa Roja
- Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio y Álvarez de Toledo, 22nd Duque de Medina Sidonia (* 1956)
- Inheritance : Don Alonso Enrique González de Gregorio y Viñamata (* 1983)
Web links
- Nicolas Hobbs: Duque de Medina Sidonia. In: grandesp.org.uk. 2006, archived from the original on February 12, 2007 (Spanish).
- Foundation of the Ducal House Medina Sidonia (Spanish)
Individual evidence
- ^ Fallce a los 72 años la 'Duquesa Roja'. In: Público.es . March 8, 2008, archived from the original on March 9, 2008 ; accessed on January 6, 2020 (Spanish).