Haybrew

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Haybrew
Hay borer (Hypsopygia costalis)

Hay borer ( Hypsopygia costalis )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : European borer (Pyralidae)
Subfamily : Pyralinae
Genre : Hypsopygia
Type : Haybrew
Scientific name
Hypsopygia costalis
( Fabricius , 1775)
Specimen from the Koenig Museum

The hay borer ( Hypsopygia costalis ) is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of the borer (Pyralidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 16 to 23 millimeters (22 mm) or a fore wing length of 7 to 10 mm. The forewings are brown-violet and drawn with two narrow yellowish transverse lines, which widen to a triangular spot at the front edge. Both transverse lines are only weakly serrated and run almost straight across the forewings. While the outer transverse line tapers slightly backwards towards the tornus, the inner transverse line runs slightly inwards, i.e. H. both transverse lines diverge towards the inner edge. The hind wings have less brown tones; H. the color tends more towards purple-red. The fringed hem is colored golden yellow on both the front and the rear wings. The two transverse lines are also developed on the hind wings, but are closer together. The outer transverse line is more in the position of a median line. Both transverse lines are slightly curved and serrated.

The head of the moth is yellow. The thorax and abdomen, on the other hand, are purple. The antennae are ciliate in the male, simple and thread-shaped in the female. In both sexes, the antennae are alternately ringed red and yellow.

Occasionally a darkened form ( f. Rubricilialis ) occurs, with this the otherwise yellow drawing elements and the head are colored reddish purple. The fringes are also reddish purple.

The elongated-elliptical egg is yellowish-white with a smooth surface. It measures 0.7 × 0.4 mm.

The caterpillars are dirty white to yellowish-brownish. They have a reddish brown head with a dark brown pattern. They have a yellowish neck and anal shield and yellowish brown thoracic legs. The stigmata are outlined in black. The bristles emanating from the warts are yellowish brown and are therefore the same color or slightly lighter than the body.

The pupa is yellowish brown with a smooth, shiny surface. The abdomen segments 4 to 7 have a transverse ridge on the back at the front edge. The cremaster is covered with six hook-shaped bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe and is also found in North America and Western Asia. They live mainly synanthropically in houses, haylofts, on hedges and garden edges near barns, houses with thatched roofs and hay and straw stacks. But they are also found in more natural habitats and inhabit squirrel and bird nests there.

Way of life

The heuzünsler forms one generation a year; the moths fly from July to August. In warmer regions, two generations are usually formed that fly from May to September. The moths have two different resting positions, one with folded forewings, which completely cover the hind wings, and a resting position in which all four wings are extended and the tip of the abdomen is raised. They are crepuscular and nocturnal and come to artificial light sources. If you are startled during the day, try to hide again as soon as possible. The females lay 20 to 100 eggs in the vicinity of the potential caterpillar forage. Depending on the region, the caterpillars can therefore be found from June. They eat in hay (lupins, alfalfa) and other vegetable, but also animal residues. The caterpillar overwinters and pupates in spring in a cocoon in the leftover food <?> .

Systematics

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1775 by Johann Christian Fabricius as Phalaena costalis . It is the type species of the genus Hypsopyge Huebner, 1825. The holotype came from England and is probably lost. An only slightly younger synonym is Hypsopygia fimbrialis (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775; Another synonym is Tortrix purpurana Thunberg, 1784. The subspecies Hypsopygia costalis syriaca (Zerny, 1914) was reunited with the nominate subspecies by M. Nuss.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UK moths - website of Ian Kimber
  2. ↑ a b c Carter (1984: pp. 205/6)
  3. ↑ a b c Hannemann (1964: p. 246)
  4. ↑ Kaltenbach & Küppers (1987: p. 220)
  5. ↑ Lepiforum - egg
  6. ↑ Slamka (1997: p. 12)
  7. ^ Johann Christian Fabricius: Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Tom. II, Hafniae, Impensis CG Proft, 1787. Online at Göttingen Digitization Center
  8. ^ Butterflies and Moths of the World Generic Names and their Type-species of the Natural History Museum London
  9. ↑ GlobIZ (enter taxon)

literature

  • David J. Carter: Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special references to the British Isles. 431 S., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht 1984, ISBN 90-6193-504-0 .
  • Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany 5th volume The small butterflies of Germany. 222 p., KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart 1933.
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Thomas Kaltenbach and Peter Victor Küppers: Small butterflies. Verlag J. Neudamm-Neudamm, Melsungen 1987, ISBN 3-7888-0510-2 .
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5 .

Web links

Commons : Hypsopygia costalis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files