Hoàng Hoa Thám

Hoang Hoa Tham, undated portrait photography

Hoàng Hoa Thám (* 1858 , † 1913 ; birth name Truong Van Tham , battle name : De Tham ( Marshal Tham )) was a black flag bandit leader and partisan leader of the Cần Vương movement against the French colonial power during the Nguyễn dynasty . He came from a poor peasant family and, through his military activities and cooperation with the French, after the failure of the armed resistance, managed to become a de facto feudal lord with the protection of the colonial state .

In 1908, after contact with Vietnamese nationalists, he again took up resistance against the colonial power. In 1913 he died in an attack by the colonial authorities.

Origin and career

Hoang Hoa Tham came from an impoverished rural family in Hung Yen Province . His family had participated in an uprising against the Nguyen dynasty in the 1830s. His father had been executed as a mandarin for looting and caused the family's current low social status. Hoang Hoa Tham initially worked as a buffalo herder. In 1882 he joined the Black Flag bandits. During the 1880s he rose to be a leader within the bandits and earned the name of a popular bandit lord.

Anti-French resistance

Hoang Hoa Tham followed the call of the emperor Hàm Nghi and joined the Cần Vương movement with his people . He resisted until 1896 with a core of 300 men with modern rifles in the wooded area of ​​Yen The. In 1894 and 1897, Hoang Hoa Tham entered into negotiations with the French colonial authorities, who wanted to persuade him to give up by granting concessions. Hoa Hao Tham can secure control of the Yen The district in the negotiations. Hoang Hoa Tham had contact with the militant nationalist Phan Bội Chau . Together they planned an uprising in Hanoi , in the course of which the French garrison was to be poisoned. The uprising failed and Hoan Hoa Tham withdrew again as a guerrillero in the mountains of Yen The.

In 1913 he died in an attack by an agent of the colonial authorities.

reception

His year of birth 1858 is doubted as a legend. This is emphasized in nationalist historiography as a sign of fate, because in 1858 the first French conquest of Vietnam took place. In the history of the communist national movement in Vietnam, Hoang Hoa Tham became a figure of identification. In the historiography and popular culture of today's Vietnam, Hoan Hoa Tham is considered a national hero . Within the Can Vuong movement, with his rural origins, he served as a figurehead for the movement otherwise led by Confucian scholars.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bruce L. Lockhart, William J. Duiker: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Oxford, 2006, p. 166
2. ^ KW Taylor: A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge, 2013, p. 490
3. ^ ^{A b} Jean-François Klein: Le Dê Thám (1858-1913). Un résistant vietnamien à la colonization française, Claude Gendre, Moussons, 13–14, 2009, pp. 397–399. (Book review available online in French ), last accessed on November 10, 2019
4. ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, p. 55
5. ↑ Bruce L. Lockhart, William J. Duiker: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Oxford, 2006, p. 166
6. ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, p. 55
7. ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, p. 64
8. ^ KW Taylor: A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge, 2013, p. 490
9. ↑ Bruce L. Lockhart, William J. Duiker: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Oxford, 2006, p. 166
10. ^ KW Taylor: A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge, 2013, p. 490
11. ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, p. 295 p. 299

literature

• Claude Gendre: Le Dê Thám (1846–1913): un résistant vietnamien à la colonization française. Paris, 2009, ISBN 9782296081185