Wood drill (butterfly)
| Wood drill | ||||||||||
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Willow Borer ( Cossus cossus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Cossidae | ||||||||||
| Leach , 1815 |
The wood drills (Cossidae) are a family of butterflies (Lepidoptera).
features
The nocturnal moths reach wingspans of up to 17 centimeters, the European species of up to 8 centimeters. During the day they sit in the grass or on trunks. They lay their eggs on twigs and in cracks in the bark.
The caterpillars of the wood drill eat and drill into wood. At first they live under the bark, but older ones then eat wood or pulp . Since this type of food is not very rich in energy, it can take up to three years to develop. The subsequent pupation takes place either in the feeding tunnels in the wood or outside. Some species cause great damage to trees (e.g. fruit trees) because of their feeding habits.
Taxonomy
In the German-speaking area (A, CH, D) there are six species of the family, in all of Europe there are 24 species.
- Subfamily Cossinae
- Willow borer ( Cossus cossus ) ( Linnaeus , 1758), A, CH, D
- Lamellocossus terebra ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) A, CH, D
- Parahypopta caestrum ( Huebner , 1808) A.
- Onion borer ( Dyspessa ulula ) ( Borkhausen , 1790) A, CH, D
- Subfamily Zeuzerinae
- Blue sieve ( Zeuzera pyrina ) ( Linnaeus , 1761) A, CH, D
- Pipe drill ( Phragmataecia castaneae ) ( Hübner , 1790) A, CH, D
Use by humans
Wood drill caterpillars ( Latin cossus ) have been used as food insects at least since ancient times .
In ancient times, they were considered a delicacy by Greeks and Romans (especially Epicureans ). Some of them were fattened with flour. However, other caterpillars of wood-eating butterflies and also grubs of beetles such as those of the stag beetle ( Lucanus cervus ) may have been subsumed under this.
The caterpillars of some species found in Australia are a popular delicacy with the Aborigines . They are shared with other species that live in wood, such as B. the caterpillars of the rootworm (Hepialidae) and the larvae of the longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) called Witchetty maggots .
In Mexico , the agave caterpillars of Cossus redtenbacheri may have been edible since the Aztec period .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wood drill. Lepiforum e. V., accessed November 7, 2006 .
- ^ Cossidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed November 7, 2006 .
- ↑ CE Mbah, GOV Elekima: Nutrient composition of some terrestrial insects in Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria Nigeria. In: Science World Journal 2, No. 2, 2007, pp. 17-20, p. 17.
- ^ Western Attitudes towards insects as food: Europe, the United States, Canada. ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Chapter 9, viewed May 11, 2015.
- ↑ Gene R. DeFoliart: Insects as Food: Why the Western attitude is important. In: Annu. Rev. Entomol. 44, 1999, pp. 27-50, p. 40.
- ↑ Julieta Ramos-Elorduy, José MP Moreno, Adolfo I. Vázquez, Ivonne Landero, Héctor Oliva-Rivera, Víctor HM Camacho: Edible Lepidoptera in Mexico: Geographic distribution, ethnicity, economic and nutritional importance for rural people. In: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7, No. 1, 2011, pp. 1–22.
- ↑ MJ Manzano: Estudio etnobiológico del gusano de maguey (Aegiale (Acentrocneme) hesperiaris Walker, Cossus redtenbacheri Hammerschmidth y Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyll.) En el municipio de Apan Hidalgo. Habilitation thesis, UNAM, 1989.
- ^ Sandra GF Bukkens: The nutritional value of edible insects. In: Ecology of Food and Nutrition 36, No. 2-4, 1997, pp. 287-319, doi : 10.1080 / 03670244.1997.9991521 .
literature
- Günter Ebert, Thomas Esche, Rene Herrmann, Axel Hofmann, Hans Georg Lussi, Ingo Nikusch, Wolfgang Speidel, Axel Steiner, Jürgen Thiele: The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg, Volume 3, Moths I (root borer (Hepialidae), wood borer (Cossidae), ram (Zygaenidae), snail moth (Limacodidae), sack bearer (Psychidae), window stains (Thyrididae)), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3472-1
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 .
