Hromada (administrative unit)
A Hromada ( Ukrainian Територіальна громада Terytorialna hromada , [ ɦrɔmɑdɐ ]) is an administrative unit in Ukraine . It forms the third level of local self-government. It stands below the unit Rajon ('district' or 'urban district').
In contrast to German practice, it is however not considered a real local identity, but merely as an administrative unit, similar to the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality . For example, the place names and not those of the municipalities are used primarily for the official address or place of birth information.
In 2020 there are 1,470 hromadas in Ukraine , which are assigned to three different types of municipality.
Miska hromada
A Miska hromada ('city municipality', literally: 'urban municipality') consists of a single city .
Selyschna hromada
A Selyschtschna hromada ('city-and-rural community', literally: 'urban-rural community') consists of a city and several villages.
Silska hromada
A Silska hromada ('rural community', literally: 'rural community') consists entirely of villages.
Self-government of the municipalities
The residents of each municipality form a self-governing body. The municipalities have a legal personality.
The municipalities fulfilled all the tasks of territorial self-government that are not reserved for other regional authorities, including a .: Spatial planning , real estate management , environmental and nature protection , water management , municipal roads, water supply and water supply, local passenger traffic, health protection , social assistance , culture, public order , community development, cross-border cooperation.
The executive organs of the municipalities are the municipal council and the municipality leader (mayor or mayor).
financing
The municipalities' income includes their own income, general subsidies and special-purpose grants from the state budget. Income from local taxes (such as forest, property, motor vehicle, dog, inheritance and gift tax, tax on civil law acts, trade tax for natural persons) is referred to as tax revenue.