Hooray
Hurray is an interjection in German that has been documented in writing since the 18th century, but is probably older , which was used as a cry of joy, a battle cry and - probably based on the English model - as an exclamation in the sailor's language. The military connotation has been retained in the composition of hurray-patriotism .
etymology
The origin of the word is unclear. It is now mostly with the imperative hurray from Middle High German Hurren , "move quickly" (comp. Dt. Hurtig or English. To hurry , "hurry, hurry") associated.
Another thesis suspects the origin in Central Asia: Already in the 14th century Jean de Mandeville described the warning and gun cry “Kera! Kera! Kera! ”, Which was associated with the Russian war calls (“ Ura ”,“ Houra ”); other authors suggest that the battle cry has Mongolian roots. The derivation takes place via Turkotatar urra from urmak "to beat".
According to a conjecture that emerged in the 19th century, the word derives from an alleged call Thur aïe ('Thor help!'), Which the pagan Normans used as a battle cry and opposed the Christian battle cry Deus aïe ('God help!'). The only evidence of this is a passage in the Roman de Rou by the Anglo-Norman poet Wace († after 1174), according to which Raoul Tesson is said to have used a similar reputation in the battle of Val-ès-Dunes (1047) to cheer his people on. This battle cry, reproduced in the manuscript in the form turie and rhymed with emmie , then interpreted as Tur aïe by the first editor Frédéric Pluquet (1824) , was not an invocation of the Germanic deity Thor , but the name of Tessons Baronie Thury (today Thury-Harcourt ), which is why this thesis is no longer represented in linguistics today.
As a battle cry
To this day, the battle cry “Hurray” can be heard in the Russian armed forces as an answer from the troops who have lined up during a parade in response to the greeting by the commanding officer . For example, at the beginning of the traditional Victory Parade to commemorate the Great Patriotic War on Red Square in Moscow on May 9 (Victory Day) each year.
In imperial Austria , hurray was the official battle cry for the attack, the attack of the cavalry, until the end of the First World War in 1918 .
In Germany, too, the call was at times part of the regulations for bayonet attacks by the infantry and attacks by the cavalry (about § 109 Exercise Regulations for the Cavalry: The squadron leader commands to attack! Lances fell! - March! March! ... The riders shout hurray! ) . Following the Soviet model, soldiers of the NVA responded with a quick "Hurray! Hurray! Hurray!" During the Great Zapfenstreich .
As a cry of joy
Today the word is mainly used in German as a cry of joy, in the connection hipp, hipp, hurray, linked to the English interjection hip ! also as a call to celebration.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. edit by Elmar Seebold. 23rd ext. Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1995, p. 389.
- ↑ Commentary in Anthony Bale's translation of Jean de Mandeville: The Book of Marvels and Travels. Oxford 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-960060-1 , p. 154.
- ↑ Jack Weatherford: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. Minnesota 2004, ISBN 0-609-80964-4 , pp. XXIV.
- ↑ Max Vasmer: Russian etymological dictionary. Volume 3, C. Winter, Heidelberg 1968, p. 187.
- ^ Mark Thompson: The White War. Life and Death on the Italian Front 1915-1919 . 1st edition. Faber and Faber, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-571-22333-6 , Walls of Iron, Clouds of Fire - The First Battle of the Isonzo, pp. 93 (English).