Ultra-modern school

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The hypermodern school is an expression coined by Savielly Tartakower for a style of chess that was gradually developed after 1920.

The representatives of this game system, especially Richard Réti and Gyula Breyer , partly built on the theses of Aaron Nimzowitsch and fundamentally broke with the dogmatic rules of Siegbert Tarrasch . They reformulated the rule of the occupation of the chessboard center - the center - by speaking of a mastery of the center. For this purpose the temporary control of the center through the effect of figures is sufficient, at the right moment an advance of the middle peasants can be undertaken. With the success of this game system, they demonstrated that some laws in chess can only be maxims , not rigid rules. In his book "The New Ideas in Chess", Réti noted that by occupying the center with pawns, attack marks would arise as well as weakening a castling position by a step of the knight pawn . He justified this revolutionary thesis with the fact that after moves 1. d4 d5 the point d5 becomes the offensive marker and White can initiate an offensive game on this point with 2. c4. If you only occupy the middle with pawns later, you prevent the opponent from drawing up a plan of attack at an early stage. Examples of openings that follow this "hypermodern" style of play in the 1920s and 1930s are various Indian openings and the Réti system .

Game example

A well-known example of the hypermodern style is Richard Rétis' victory against then world champion José Raúl Capablanca at the 1924 tournament in New York.

Réti-Capablanca
  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 8th
7th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg 6th
5 Chess pdt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess qdt45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess --t45.svg Chess qlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess plt45.svg 2
1 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  
End position after 31. T1d5

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Réti-Capablanca 1-0
New York, March 22, 1924
English opening , A15
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. b4 Bg7 4. Bb2 0–0 5. g3 b6 6. Bg2 Bb7 7. 0–0 d6 8. d3 Nbd7 9. Nbd2 e5 10. Qc2 Re8 11. Rfd1 a5 12. a3 h6 13.Nf1 c5 14.b5 Nf8 15. e3 Qc7 16. d4 Be4 17. Qc3 exd4 18. exd4 S6d7 19. Qd2 cxd4 20. Bxd4 Qxc4 21. Bxg7 Kxg7 22. Qb2 + Kg8 23.Rxd6 Qc5 24.Rad1 Ra7 25.Ne3 Qh5 26.Nd4 Bxg2 27.Kxg2 De5 28.Nc4 Qc5 29.Nc6 Rc7 30.Ne3 Ne5 31.R1d5 1: 0

literature

  • Entry "Hypermodern Chess School", in: Klaus Lindörfer: The great chess dictionary . Orbis Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-572-02734-9 , p. 126f.
  • Savielly G. Tartakower: The hypermodern game of chess. Edition Olms, Zurich 1981, ISBN 3-283-00094-8 . (Reprint of the Vienna 1925 edition)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Réti vs Jose Raul Capablanca, New York (1924) , the game to replay, chessgames.com ( Java applet , English)