Iden (calendar)
The ides denote the middle of the month in the Roman calendar .
As Latin Eidus, Eidūs, Idus, Īdūs , short form EID , certain days were entered in the fasti (court days ) of the Roman calendar: In Martius , Maius , Quintilis (July) and October they were noted on the 15th, in the other months the 13th day of the month. With the Etruscans the day was called Itus ; the Sabines called him Iden . The Ides were one of the four fixed holidays that every month of the Roman calendar had , along with the calends , nuns and terminalies . These four holidays originally designated the lunar quarters (calendars: new moon, ides: full moon, nons and terminalies: waxing or waning crescent).
The word Iden is used as plural tantum in German as in Latin only in the plural; in addition, the Latin sound Idus [ˈiːduːs] is occasionally used in German , which is also only used in the plural. All monthly ids were automatically " NP days ", since the ids were for the deity Jupiter .
The Ides of March , on which the murder of Gaius Julius Caesar took place, are of particular importance . Plutarch and Suetonius convey the warning from Augur Spurinna to Caesar that he should beware of the ides of March: “Cave Idus Martias!” (“Beware of the ides of March!”). In the end, however, Caesar could not stay away from the Senate meeting, as the election of the new consuls traditionally took place on the Ides of March, with a draw for the respective area of office (provincia).
See also
literature
- Jörg Rüpke : Calendar and Public: The History of Representation and Religious Qualification of Time in Rome . de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-014514-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jakob Seibert, Hannibal, Darmstadt 1993, p. 88 ff, passim.