Ikkyō
The term Ikkyō ( Japanese 一 教 ) is used in various Japanese martial arts, u. a. in judo and aikidō and describes a different technique in each discipline. They just have the same name. The article refers to Aikidō, where Ikkyō describes a sequence of movements that ends with a holding technique (Ude osae 腕 押 さ え, arm stretching).
Along with Shiho nage , Irimi nage and kote gaeshi one Ikkyo in Aikido to the basic techniques.
Naming
In Japanese, the first syllable Ichi means "first in a ranking". Kyō denotes "technical principle, application" in the martial arts. So Ikkyō is the first technique in a sequence .
Origin of movement
In Aikidō, the techniques were derived from the use of the Japanese sword, the katana . The sword is traditionally carried in the scabbard on the left of the belt. The blade faces up, the handle forwards. The pulling is done with the right hand until the sword has left the scabbard. The left hand grabs the handle of the sword at the rear end. For tactical reasons, the sword can also be drawn to the left depending on the situation.
The Ikkyo movement corresponds to pulling the sword out of the scabbard and is created when the left hand grasps the upper end of the scabbard. With the right hand the sword is first pulled forward until the point of the sword has left the scabbard. The movement is then continued upwards in a semicircle, with the left hand accompanying the sword on the back after leaving the scabbard until the tip points frontally towards the opponent. Since the Japanese sword is sharpened on one side, the blade points upwards in the first phase of the drawing. After leaving the sheath, the cutting edge is then turned downwards. Because of the blade, the cutting of the opponent in the sphere of action of the sword is inherent in the whole movement.
Version with sword / bokken
Aikidō is used exclusively defensively. For a better explanation of the technology, the situation is therefore assumed that the attacker does not have a sword, otherwise he would pull it. Instead, he must prevent the Aikidōka (Aikidō practitioner) from pulling his.
He tries to prevent pulling by blocking the sword-wielder's right hand at the latest when he grabs the sword's hilt. The swordtail is then blocked in its pulling movement forwards against the opponent.
The aikidō practitioner can dissolve the blockade by varying his pulling movement a little: by stepping slightly to the right from the frontal attack direction, it is possible for him to still carry out the forward pulling movement past the attacker.
If the movement is optimal and powerful, the attacker is threatened directly by the blade or, with a high degree of probability, is cut in a life-threatening manner. Since the Aikidōka is not interested in seriously injuring the attacker, he controls the cutting of the blade by guiding it on the back of the sword with his left hand and accompanying it gently but firmly to the attacker's neck in the sequence of movement.
Due to the blade on the neck, the attacker is no longer able to defend himself significantly. He is led to the ground with the blade on the neck and controlled in an immobilization.
Further variants are possible in that, for example, the entry movement is to the left, behind the attacker's back; see also design variants ura waza . Other variants of the Ikkyo technique arise in which the semicircular upward movement is directed more horizontally to the right. The cut, or the threat to the attacker from the blade, then takes place more strongly against the attacker's body than against the neck with priority.
Version without sword / bokken
The technique is carried out without a sword or bokken , in a completely identical way: The Aikidōka encounters a grip on his "sword-wielding" right hand by moving a little sideways from the attacking direction of the opponent. However, he allows the latter to get hold of his hand.
By moving sideways out of the line of attack, the Aikidōka is free to move. He makes a movement in exactly the same way as if he were to draw a sword. With his left hand, however, he does not guide the back of the sword, but pushes against the opponent's elbow in a semicircle upwards and forwards. Through this powerful forward movement with the whole body, the attacker is turned in the opposite direction and pushed back.
The effect occurs because the entire kinetic energy of the forward movement of the attacker, supported by the slight stepping aside from the line of attack, is deflected, this is destabilized in its initial movement and the energy is thrown back on the attacker.
Variations in the execution are possible in all Aikido styles, but the principles are retained.
Completion of the technique by means of immobilization
All variants of Ikkyo are usually converted into an immobilization.
See also
References and receipts
- A. Westbrook, O. Ratti: Aikido and the dynamic sphere. Tuttle, Rutland VT et al. 1996, ISBN 0-8048-0004-9 .
- Aikidjournal.com encyclopedia, Ikkyō
literature
- Christian Tissier : Aikido fundamental. Techniques et connaissances fondamentales. Budosport Verlag, Noisy-sur-École 2008, ISBN 978-2-84167-239-4 .
- Christian Tissier: Aikido - Principes et applications. Volume 2: Projections. Self-published, s. l. 2005, DVD 55 minutes.