Imperator (mushrooms)

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Emperor
Ox bolete (Imperator torosus)

Ox bolete ( Imperator torosus )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Boletales (Boletales)
Subordination : Boletineae
Family : Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
Subfamily : Boletoideae
Genre : Emperor
Scientific name
Emperor
G. Koller , Assyov , Bellanger , Bertéa , Loizides , G. Marques , P.-A. Moreau , JA Muñoz , Oppicelli , D. Puddu & F. Richard

Emperor is a genus from the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae).

The type species is the ox-tube ( Imperator torosus ).

features

The fruiting bodies of all known species have a strong, thick-fleshed tubular habit with a stalk inserted centrally in the hat. Gastroids or secotiode species are not known.

All parts of the fruit body, including the surface of the hat , show a typical blue to black discoloration when touched. Equally characteristic is the intense and rapid blue coloration of the strong sulfur-yellow meat in the cut, which is typically red in color at the base of the handle. The pores are either yellow, red, or purple in color. In all species, the stalk is yellow to red-orange and turns dark purple-red with age from the base.

The fruiting bodies of the blue-spotted purple boletus ( Imperator rhodopurpureus ) show a high degree of color variability in all parts. The taxonomic status of these variants requires further study.

ecology

Most species of Imperator prefer soils rich in bases, whereas the yellow bolete ( Imperator xanthocyaneus ) prefers acidic habitats. Most Imperator species form ectomycorrhiza with deciduous trees, but the ox-bolet grows also with conifers.

distribution

The species of this genus are all common in Europe.

species

The genus Imperator comprises four species worldwide.

Imperator worldwide
German name Scientific name Author quote
Yellow-capped purple boletus Emperor luteocupreus (Bertéa & Estadès 1990) Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa, Courtec., Koller, Loizides, G. Marques, JA Muñoz, N. Oppicelli, D. Puddu, F. Rich. & P.-A. Moreau 2015
Blue-stained purple tubular Emperor rhodopurpureus (Smotl. 1952) Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa, Courtec., Koller, Loizides, G. Marques, JA Muñoz, N. Oppicelli, D. Puddu, F. Rich. & P.-A. Moreau 2015
Ox bolete Emperor torosus (Fr. 1835) Assyov, Bellanger, Bertéa, Courtec., Koller, Loizides, G. Marques, JA Muñoz, N. Oppicelli, D. Puddu, F. Rich. & P.-A. Moreau 2015
Yellow ox boletus Imperator xanthocyaneus (Ramain 1948) Klofac 2020

Systematics

Phylogenetic results based on the examination of ITS and 28S rDNA sequences show that the three species belong to a monophyletic lineage that has not been characterized in previous work.

etymology

The generic name Imperator comes from Latin , refers to the word meaning "emperor" and was chosen in honor of the impressive and prestigious ox-bolet and his smaller but equally remarkable relatives.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Boris Assyov, Jean-Michel Bellanger, Paul Bertéa, Régis Courtecuisse, Gerhard Koller, Michael Loizides, Guilhermina Marques, José Antonio Muñoz, Nicolò Oppicelli, Davide Puddu, Franck Richard, Pierre-Arthur Moreau : Index Fungorum no.243. (PDF) May 21, 2015, accessed on June 23, 2015 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Wolfgang Klofac, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber: Revised key for the determination of fresh finds of European species of Boletales with a tubular hymenophore . ("2018"). In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 27 , 2020, p. 81-303 .
  3. ↑ Boris Assyov: Phylogenetics. In: boletales.com . Retrieved June 28, 2015 .
  4. ^ Mitchell E. Nuhn, Manfred Binder, Andy FS Taylor, Roy E. Halling, David S. Hibbett: Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae . In: Fungal Biology . tape 117 , no. 7–8 , 2013, pp. 479-511 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.04.008 .
  5. ↑ David Arora, Jonathan L. Frank: Clarifying the butter Boletes: a new genus, Butyriboletus, is established to accommodate Boletus sect. Appendiculati, and six new species are described . In: Mycologia . tape 106 , no. 3 , 2014, p. 464-480 , doi : 10.3852 / 13-052 .
  6. ↑ Matteo Gelardi, Gianpaolo Simonini, Enrico Ercole, Alfredo Vizzini: Alessioporus and Pulchroboletus gen nov.. (Boletaceae, Boletineae), two novel genera to accommodate Xerocomus ichnusanus and X. roseoalbidus from European Mediterranean basin: molecular and morphological evidence . In: Mycologia . June 2014, p. 14-42 , doi : 10.3852 / 14-042 .
  7. ^ Alfredo Vizzini, Giampaolo Simonini, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron: Boletus mendax, a new species of Boletus sect. Luridi from Italy and insights on the B. luridus complex . In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , no. 1 , February 2014, p. 95-109 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-013-0896-4 .
  8. ↑ Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Jianping Xu, Xue-Tai Zhu, Yan-Chun Li, Nian-Kai Zeng, Md. Iqbal Hosen, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogenetic analyzes redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic clades in the fungal family Boletaceae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 69 , no. 1 , November 2014, p. 93-115 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-014-0283-8 .
  9. ↑ Gang Wu, Kuan Zhao, Yan-Chun Li, Nian-Kai Zeng, Bang Feng, Roy E. Halling, Zhu L. Yang: Four new genera of the fungal family Boletaceae . In: Fungal Diversity . February 2015, doi : 10.1007 / s13225-015-0322-0 .
  10. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 304 (reprint from 1996).
  11. ↑ Fritz Clemens Werner: Word elements of Latin-Greek technical terms in the biological sciences . Suhrkamp, ​​1972, ISBN 3-518-36564-9 , pp. 227 (Suhrkamp Taschenbuch 64).

Web links

Commons : Imperator  - collection of images, videos and audio files